Online Communication among Youth Essay -- Facebook Instant Messaging I

Technology has provided people with the means to do things that would other wise be impossible. However, eon technology has provided the ability to communicate with people halfway across the world, some believe it has limited the interaction with those who are closest. Yahoo, MSN and AOL are not only concealment e-mail providers but also offer real time messaging, or instant messaging. Instant messaging has far replaced e-mail as a form of communicating, especially among youth. harmonize to a 2005 study done by Pew Internet and the American Life Project on the social impact of the Internet, 59 percent of individuals low the age of 30 were more likely to instant message. This was in contrast to those over 30, who used instant messaging at a rate of 33 percent. College students and younger have grown up in the era of Facebook. Facebook is an online social network that allows you to communicate with friends, meet people you do not k instantaneously and no w it offers a new instant messaging system. This new system is called Facebook Chat. It allows you to see wh...

Ghost Story of a Ghost Saving Her Baby :: Ghost Stories Urban Legends

A Ghosts Saves Her BabyI had just finished up lunch with a shoplifter at around one oclock in the afternoon. I was trekking back from the dining hall when I met the storyteller. She was a freshman who had just glowering eighteen, and a moderately-dev issue Catholic. (Im into my religion but I dont go to church as much as Id like to.) She was Filipino and born and raised Maryland. She was sitting on the lawn in front of the library, deeply immersed in a novel. When prompted by my question, Would you mind helping me out with an assignment for class? I just need a ghost story or urban legend and interview you for a few minutes, she cocked her principal sum to one side and slowly shut her book. She said, You know that one about a woman who dies in a car crash but her indulge is still alive and she doesnt want to leave it alone in the world?I had a tape recorder with me, but she seemed a circumstantial put-off by that, so I simply took elaborate notes on how she presented her story. The following is as close to verbatim as I could remember and drawn from my notesMy first cousin told me this. One evening, it was thunder-storming pretty badly outside. This lonely woman was sitting in her house watching television when someone knocked on her door. She got up to open it, and in front of her was this other woman who was just a wreck. She had blood and dirt all over her, not to mention all that rain drenching her. exquisite creepy sight. She visibly flinched. The woman outside goes, Can you please help me? I just crashed my car and my baby is still in his car hind end The storytellers tone became empathetic here. Of course, the lonely woman says, Okay, and the two go outside to reapher. The rain picked up and things got really hard to see, but the lady led the lonely woman to her car, which had fallen into a ditch. Inside, there was the little baby sitting in his seat, still alive. The lonely woman reached in to get it, but then she gets all shocked, because y ou know who was in the drivers seat? I shook my head while she allowed her pause to linger. It was the dead woman.

Joseph Stalin :: essays research papers

JOSEPH STALIN TYRANT OF STEELIosef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (a.k.a. Joseph Stalin), was the undisputed leader of the Soviet Union from 1929 to 1953. Although Stalin&8217s sovereignty in office staff did not begin immediately his contribution to government began in 1912, and from then on he slowly rose to the high set up of command. Stalin&8217s long and troublesome road to absolute power had many steps that marked important events in the Soviet Union&8217s correspond but they did not always improve the life of his slew.Stalin&8217s first position in government began in 1898 when he joined a cryptical Marxist revolutionary group and became involved in many demonstrations. In 1901 Stalin began writing for the Brdzola which published many of his revolutionary articles and ideas. At the end of 1901, he was officially accepted into the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. Between the years of 1902 and 1913 Stalin was arrested and exiled many times for countless crimes and as a result in 1907 he was expelled from the Social Democratic Labor Party. However, his luck changed in 1912 when Lenin appointed Stalin to the Bolshevik Central Committee. In addition, he was given various commands and was appointed to the position of people&8217s commissar for nationalities. After proving himself at this position, he was assigned the position of commissar of workers&8217 and peasants&8217 inspection. He finally gained the power he desired most in 1922, when he became general secretary of the Central Committee. With this position Stalin was able to control appointments, set agendas, and transfer officials and increase his own power. When Lenin died in 1924, Stalin used the current power he attained and crushed his opponents to become the dictator in 1929.Stalin used his new authority to try and make the Soviet Union a mankind power so that no enemies could destroy his nation. When he first took over, he began a series of five-year plans. The first plan was to industr ialize the country, however, the production of machinery and farm equipment became more important than the production of household items and necessities such as clothing and food. Secondly, Stalin wanted to use collectivization to increase the production of agricultural products and to end private farming. Stalin withal decided to transfer the control of the farms to the government, and as a result, caused a severe resistance in the peasant class especially the kulaks. The measures taken by Stalin to theater those who opposed his authority were either exiled, or executed as well as a great famine killed 10 million peasants (1932-33).

Boys Will Be Boys :: English Literature Essays

Boys Will Be BoysA magnet elementary school has its advantages and its disadvantages. In my case, my family saw that it had more advantages than disadvantages, very diverse in ethnicity, cheaper than clandestine schooling, no dress codes, and so forth. With all this in mind, I ended up in a magnet school, not to mention I went to the very(prenominal) grammar school from kindergarten to 8th grade. All together I see my time spent there as me being a good kid, but exchangeable most kids I had my good times and my bad times. My first few years were pretty much up to par with the status quo of behavioral and educational standards. I would do all my homework and be a good little boy in class. It wasnt till I reached junior luxuriouslyschool that I started rebelling a little. In my 7th grade class I felt as if I were ready to be treated as an rival adult. What I mean by this is, I didnt want to be told what to do. With this attitude in my head I only ran into trouble left and right. In my class if you were not being good, there would be different consequences. For example, if you were caught cheating on a test you would receive a zero and write a paper but if you would miss behave in class, you would have to sit right next to the teachers desk. Sitting next to the teachers desk was the ultimate bad in seventh grade, and the funny thing in my class was that there was a root word of four that achieved this ultimate badness, which I was part of. When any person would receive this keep the facial expression was total devastation, but deep down inside we felt a kind of coolness about it. It was the likes of having the ultimate popularity in class. All the students would have respect for the kids who were brave enough to rebel in front of a teacher. I being the last person to join the meeting for listening to my Walkman in class was very laurelsed to join. I remember it clearly, when I began to move my desk towards the teachers, I noticed the other members of t he group would move over some kind of sign of welcome, like a smirk or a nod of the head. This sign gave me a feeling of acceptance.Boys Will Be Boys English Literature EssaysBoys Will Be BoysA magnet elementary school has its advantages and its disadvantages. In my case, my family saw that it had more advantages than disadvantages, very diverse in ethnicity, cheaper than cloistered schooling, no dress codes, and so forth. With all this in mind, I ended up in a magnet school, not to mention I went to the similar grammar school from kindergarten to 8th grade. All together I see my time spent there as me being a good kid, but like most kids I had my good times and my bad times. My first few years were pretty much up to par with the status quo of behavioral and educational standards. I would do all my homework and be a good little boy in class. It wasnt till I reached junior high that I started rebelling a little. In my seventh grade class I felt as if I were ready to be treated as an fitting adult. What I mean by this is, I didnt want to be told what to do. With this attitude in my head I only ran into trouble left and right. In my class if you were not being good, there would be different consequences. For example, if you were caught cheating on a test you would receive a zero and write a paper but if you would miss behave in class, you would have to sit right next to the teachers desk. Sitting next to the teachers desk was the ultimate bad in seventh grade, and the funny thing in my class was that there was a group of four that achieved this ultimate badness, which I was part of. When any person would receive this honor the facial expression was total devastation, but deep down inside we felt a kind of coolness about it. It was like having the ultimate popularity in class. All the students would have respect for the kids who were brave enough to rebel in front of a teacher. I being the last person to join the group for listening to my Walkman in class w as very honored to join. I remember it clearly, when I began to move my desk towards the teachers, I noticed the other members of the group would own some kind of sign of welcome, like a smirk or a nod of the head. This sign gave me a feeling of acceptance.

Aristotle’s Definition of Friend :: essays research papers

Friendship is undoubtedly wizard of the most important elements in the books of Aristotles ethical principles. Aristotle takes the idea of friendship to a serious degree. He categorizes them into three groups or types of friendships. This report will attempt to define each type of friendship as well as constitute the role of friendship in a society. Aristotle considers friendship to be a necessity to live. He claims that no individual would chose to live without friends even if the individual had every of the other good things in life. He also describes friendship as a virtue and as just. Given the above statements on friendship, it is safe to verbalize that Aristotle felt that friendship is something that every human must have in order to reach a peaceful state of mind. It has all of the qualities of good as long as both(prenominal) parties of a friendship are considered good. Therefore, the role of friendship in a society is to promote goodness between all parties involved i n it. As previously mentioned, Aristotle has identified three different types of friendships. The first is friendship based on utility. This is a friendship in which both parties become involved with each other for their own personal benefit. An example would be a working relationship with an individual. These are people who do not spend much time together, possibly because they do not like each other, and therefore feel no need to associate with one some other unless they are mutually useful. They take recreation from each others company just for their own sake. Aristotle uses the elderly and foreigners as examples of friendships based on utility. The flash type of friendship is a friendship based on pleasure. This friendship is made between two people that wish to gain pleasure from one another. Aristotle uses the young as an example here. Friendship between the young is grounded on pleasure because the lives of the young are regulated by their feelings, and their main interest is in their own pleasure and the opportunity of the moment. They are quick to create and destroy friendships because their affection changes as fast as the things that please them do. Aristotle felt that this sort of pleasure changes rapidly. The young also have a tendency to fall in love, thus creating an erotic friendship which is swayed by the feelings and based on pleasure. Finally, we have what is considered the by Aristotle as the perfect friendship.

Discursive Essay on Racism -- Papers

Discursive Essay on Racism Racism has existed for centuries, but during the last two deoxycytidine monophosphate years hatred toward ethnic minorities or even majorities has fluctuated. Racism occurs all over the world, can happen to anyone and will al ways exist. There are tierce different forms of racism, open racism, violent racism and secret racism all express forms of hatred towards ethnic groups. These forms of racism, although different, all have the same main purpose, to put forward hate towards ethnic groups. Open racism expresses freedom of racial thought and speech. In America it is allowed due to the initial Amendment that protects political views on racism. The American depicted object Party and various other parties come under this protection, and so does the British National Party and the National Front. We do not have a First Amendment, but these obviously racist parties still exist. Open racists promote their views through propaganda , but soon may die out as it becomes socially unacceptable. rampageous racism promotes racism through violence and fear. This form of racism is not allowed because it promotes violence to express its ideas. Unfortunately, many violent racial groups claim they do not promote violence, and therefore they are allowed because not enough sufficient evidence exists to prove their violent intent. Secret racism expresses ideas of racism in hidden ways and sometimes, secret racists are not aware that they are racist. People nowadays do not express their dislike of minorities and are not prepared to visualize a feeling that could be called racist. Avoiding minorities on the street and low pay to an employee of a minority are examples ... ...avour of purity of the race idea, but they understand how it worked. towheaded hair and blue eyes are recessive genes. Two brown-eyed people can give birth to a loved child, but two blue-eyed people cannot give birth to a b rown-eyed child. Dark skin and dark hair are also dominant genes, so because of evolution, it must mean that the ancestors of kind-heartedness had dominant genes. If they had only recessive genes, there would be no dark eyed, haired or skinned people. This leads to the conclusion that all people have a wispy ancestor. This is backed up by the well-accepted idea that Africa was the starting place of humanity. As African species travelled north to Europe they made the previous inhabitants extinct. Racism is a worldwide problem that will never be eradicated and there are no simple solutions to it.

Discursive Essay on Racism -- Papers

Discursive Essay on Racism Racism has existed for centuries, but during the last two hundred years evil toward heathen minorities or even majorities has fluctuated. Racism occurs all over the world, can happen to anyone and will always exist. There argon three different forms of racial discrimination, afford racism, violent racism and secret racism all express forms of hatred towards ethnic groups. These forms of racism, although different, all have the same main purpose, to promote hate towards ethnic groups. Open racism expresses freedom of racial thought and speech. In America it is allowed due to the First Amendment that protects political views on racism. The American National Party and sundry(a) other parties come under this protection, and so does the British National Party and the National Front. We do not have a First Amendment, but these on the face of it racist parties still exist. Open racists promote their views through propaganda, but soon may die out as it becomes socially unacceptable. Violent racism promotes racism through violence and fear. This form of racism is not allowed because it promotes violence to express its ideas. Unfortunately, many violent racial groups claim they do not promote violence, and and so they are allowed because not enough sufficient evidence exists to prove their violent intent. Secret racism expresses ideas of racism in hidden ways and sometimes, secret racists are not aware that they are racist. People nowadays do not express their dislike of minorities and are not prepared to show a heart that could be called racist. Avoiding minorities on the street and low pay to an employee of a minority are examples ... ...avour of purity of the race idea, but they understand how it worked. Blond hair and dingy eyes are recessive genes. Two brown-eyed people can declare birth to a blue-eyed child, but two blue-eyed people cannot give birth to a brown-eyed child . Dark skin and dark hair are also dominant genes, so because of evolution, it must mean that the ancestors of humanity had dominant genes. If they had only when recessive genes, there would be no dark eyed, haired or skinned people. This leads to the conclusion that all people have a black ancestor. This is backed up by the well-accepted idea that Africa was the starting place of humanity. As African species travelled north to Europe they made the previous inhabitants extinct. Racism is a worldwide occupation that will never be eradicated and there are no simple solutions to it.

Recruiting or Retaining

CASE WHICH IS MORE IMPORTANT a RECRUITING OR RETAINING? G. K Electronics Ltd. , is a pioneering and internationally reputed firm in the Electronics industry. It is one of the largest firms in the country. It attracted employees from internationally reputed institutes and industries by offering high salaries, perks etc. It has advertised for the position of an Electronics Engineer recently. Nearly 150 candidates work in various electronics firms applied for the job. Mr.Sashidhar, an Electronics Engineering Graduate from IIT with 5 course of instructions working experience in a small electronics firm was selected from among the 130 candidates who took tests and reference. The interview board recommended an enhancement in his hire by Rs. 500 per month more than his present salary at his request. Mr. Sashidhar was very happy to achieve this and he was congratulated by a number of people including his previous employer for his brilliant interview performance and good luck. Mr. Sashid har joined G. K. Electronics Ltd. on 21st January, 1996 with a great enthusiasm. He also found his job to be quite comfortable and challenging one and he felt it was highly prestigious to work with this company during the constructive years of his career. He found his superiors as well as subordinates to be friendly and cooperative. But this climate did not live long. After one year of his service, he slowly learnt about a number of unpleasant stories about the company, counsel, the superior-subordinate relations, rate of employee turnover, especially at higher level.But he decided to stay on as he promised several things to the management in the interview. He wanted to please and change the attitude of management through diligent performance, firm commitment and dedication. He started maximizing his contributions and management got the impression that Mr. Sashidhar has settled down and will remain in the company. After sometime, the superiors started riding over Mr. Sashidhar. He was overloaded with sundry(a) jobs. His freedom in deciding and executing was cut down to size.He was ill-treated on a number of occasions before his subordinates. His colleagues also started assigning their responsibilities to Mr. Sashidhar. consequently there were imbalances in his family life, social life and organization life. But he seemed to be calm and contented. Management felt that Mr. Sashidhar had the potential to hear with many more organization responsibilities. It was quite surprising to the ordinary Manager to see the resignation letter of Mr. Sashidhar along with a check equivalent to a monthas salary one fine morning on 18th January, 1998.The General Manager failed to convince Mr. Sashidhar to withdraw his resignation. The General Manager relieved him on 25th January, 1998. The General Manager wanted to appoint a committee to go into the matter immediately, but dropped the idea later. The inference from the above is very clear. The management had no system of r etaining capable employees by giving them proper treatment and responsibilities. They also have not laid out any HR policy of defining surface area of responsibility for executives or staff.It appears any body in the firm can pass any work to their colleagues and even management is also not daunted about over loading a capable person willing to undertake challenging tasks with responsibility. If the above defects can be corrected by the management and senior managers they can retain capable managers or executives and the manpower turnover may come down and the companyas reputation with regards to human resources will go up. The firm can attract more and more capable personnel.

Kellogg Book Essay

This disc is intended to be a resource for members of the Kellogg School of Management Class of 2005 as they direct for summer internships in the consulting industry (as well as for general management internships) for the summer of 2004. The book willing also be useful to current freshman students during the fall of 2004 as they look for full-time postKellogg consulting jobs, as well as to the yet-to-be-admitted Kellogg Class of 2006 in their summer and full-time job searches.While we hope this history results in more Kellogg students reaching their employment goals, we argon also confident that apply this resource to prep ar for fountain interviews will reduce the stress associated with the interviewing wreak. Additionally, students will find this document to be a useful reference for Kelloggs core strategy course, MGMT 431, regardless of whether or non they plan to interview for consulting jobs. This insane asylum will provide an overview of the different sectionalizat ions of the book, recommend how it is to be utilise, and offer general thoughts of how this fits book in to the bigger picture.To this last point, the book is not intended to be the only resource that Kellogg students will need during the recruiting process for consulting. Rather, it is meant to be a central body of work that provides a complete and thorough introduction to the process, offers its indorser a road map of the basic toolkit needed to succeed in these interviews, and also points him or her to other resources that may be helpful. Background on this book and ack nowledgements can be found in Appendix A. 2004 Kellogg Consulting Club Case keep 2 subsections This book is divided into six sections, plus five appendices.Section I is this introduction, whose goals are stated above. Section II provides an overview of the fiber interviewing process and offers general advice on how to perform magnificently during the interviews. (It is change primarily from the Fleischmann, Fong, and Marciano article that is alluded to in Appendix A, and has been reorganized into seven sub-sections. ) Section III provides ten sample cases. The prime(prenominal) of all seven of these are meant to be solved in a 30-to-45 clarified interview the first six contain slides. The last trinity cases are shorter and attempt to emulate the 10-to-15 minute case nterviews that are used by al many consulting firms. After all of the practice cases, Section IV discusses fit interviewing, which is a typically smaller, simply no less grand, part of the overall process. Again, this section is adapted primarily from the earlier work of Fleischmann et. al. Section V provides ace-page overviews of each of the eleven consulting firms that are currently planning to interview Kellogg first-years for jobs during the summer of 2004. Of special interest in this section are the interview formats used by various companies.Students who are interviewing should use this reading to customize their case practice and preparation, ground on the formats used by the companies that are most of interest to them. Finally, Section VI provides somewhat concluding thoughts and attempts to synthesize the key set out-away points of the book. How To Use The Book We would like to cerebrate this introduction by orienting the reader as to how we envision this book being used. We fall in mentioned previously that it is not designed to be the only unattached or necessary resource on the subject.Students who attempt to use it in this way are doing themselves a disservice. Instead, it should be used in tandem with the legion(predicate) other 2004 Kellogg Consulting Club Case Book 3 resources that are accessible, such as case books from other business schools, Kellogg Career Management Center (CMC) counselors, students at Kellogg who have worked in consulting or are planning to, company representatives and literature, and the rest of the list of resources that is summarized in Appen dix B. As for this book, sections I, II, IV, and VI are write to be read straight finished (not necessarily in only one sitting).Section III provides practice cases that should be used or studied one at a time. Section V provides thumbnail data on companies that are interviewing at Kellogg, and is meant to be a quick reference for students who are interviewing in those firms. finicky attention should be placed on the various interview formats used by each different company. To maximize results, candidates should study cases that most closely mimic the ones that are given by the firms that they are planning to interview with and/or most want to work for.It is our hope that the combination of this book and of other available resources will maximize the effectiveness of Kellogg students during the winter quarter 2004 interviewing process. If anyone has any questions ab proscribed the book or the process, they should feel free to directly contact me, either of the confederate Editor s, Prof. Marciano, the Kellogg CMC, or any of the 2003-2004 Kellogg Consulting Club co-chairs1. We are all here to help Kellogg first-years stand as many summer consulting job offers as possible. Best of prospect in the process Edwin Van Dusen Editor, 2004 Kellogg Consulting Club Case Book Evanston, Illinois December, 2003 1The co-chairs are Leo Castro, Ami Fadia, Hanna Norfleet, Jason Greenwald, Brian Oxley, and Ojas Wadikvar, all from the Kellogg Class of 2004. 2004 Kellogg Consulting Club Case Book 4 II. How to Ace Case Interviews2 Overview of Section This section provides a complete and comprehensive overview of the case interview process and is probably the single most important section in the book, along with Section III on practice cases. It offers advice on how to best navigate the process, and is divided into seven sub-sections to make the material easier to understand and centralize 1.Sub-section one provides an overview of the case interviewing process. 2. Sub-section two discusses the use of posers, and the need to strike a balance between a structured approach and the pitfalls of an overly regimented digest. 3. Sub-section three walks done and through a step-by-step illustration of a case interview and is in turn sub-divided into five parts. 4. Sub-section four reviews several common case situations and how to detainment them. These include public math, how to flummox unstuck, and the infamous estimate questions. 5.Sub-section five reviews seven common types of cases that are frequently found in case interviews. 6. Sub-section six goes through some overall tips on how to handle the process. Please do not be put off by the laundry list format of this section, for it contains some important nuggets of advice and wisdom. 7. Finally, sub-section seven provides some concluding thoughts round the process. 2 As mentioned in the Introduction, the text in this section has been primarily adapted from the 2001 Fleischmann, Fong, and Marciano article , although some of the capacitance and wording are impertinent.They, and we, would like to give special thanks to Jason Moss and Chris Riley (both members of the Kellogg Class of 2001) for their invaluable contri thations to the sign document, from which this section is primarily adapted. 2004 Kellogg Consulting Club Case Book 5 We have endeavored to distill the most important aspects of the case interview process into this section while keeping it to a manageable length. Obviously, since entire books have been written on this subject, it was not possible for us to include every detail or every opinion on the matter.Students should probably begin by interpret this section to get the major points, and then can consult some of the summing upal resources listed in Appendix B if they feel that they still need to get more depth and detail. Sub-Section One of Seven Overview of Case Interviews This section will describe the format and structure of case interviews, discuss the various types of cases that one may encounter, and provide practical tips and advice on enhancing ones chances for success. Fit interviews will be discussed in Section IV later in this book.The consulting interview process may be unlike any series of interviews that a person has been through before Kellogg. While each consulting firm has its own distinct genius and method of interviewing, virtually all screen candidates using a combination of fit and case interviews. Understanding and being prepared for both of these types of interviews improves ones chances of obtaining a position in the field and also reduces the angst associated with the process.The exemplar is simply a tool to help you structure your response, so do not get too hung up here and waste valuable time that you could be using to advance the discussion. Your initial framework should be a broad sketch, not a detailed blueprint, of how you intend to go about solving the case problem. The details of your analysis should evolv e interactively with the interviewer as you progress through the interview. Based on the framework you have developed, you should be able to identify several possible way of lifes towards addressing the case issue.For example, consider a case about Firm X whose get declined last year. Firm Xs reduced profits could be due to sagging revenues, rising cost, or both. Given that your interview time is limited, it is important to prioritize the issues you will investigate in the case. Investigate the most likely ancestor to the problem first, followed by the second most likely, and so on. The initial information that you have been given 2004 Kellogg Consulting Club Case Book 14 may steer you towards a particular path. Take cues (subtle or overt) from your interviewer about which paths hold the most merit.For example, if you were told that Firm X recently altered its product mix, you might want to start by examining the prices of its various products. Based on the information you have r eceived, and the framework you have developed, you should formulate an initial hypothesis about the case problem you are evaluating. In the parlance of case interviews, a hypothesis is what you believe to be the central issue of the case, or the solution to it. With regard to Firm X, your initial hypothesis could be that the root cause of its declining profits is that it is selling relatively more low price/low margin products than it had in the past.You may not be given enough information at the onset of a case to develop a reasonable hypothesis from the start. If that happens, progress through your framework, elicit information from the interviewer, and develop a hypothesis as soon as you can. If your initial hypothesis turns out to be wrong, which is often the case, try another one. It is not an automatic ding to not guess the answer correctly on the first try. But it is a likely ding to give up or to lose sight of the main issue, which is to eventually solve the clients problem. near firms are more or less receptive to hearing an interviewee, very early on, state a hypothesis for analysis. The key lesson here is to bang the firms that you are interviewing with. If you are interviewing with a firm that conducts its cases/engagements with an Answer First approach, then you should probably state a hypothesis early and then relate findings to it as the case progresses this supports my initial hypothesis or that seems to refute my initial belief, my revised working hypothesis is now.Other firms may conduct their work by doing more than more detailed data collection before forming a hypothesis. In this case, strive to form a hypothesis, but hold back on stating it until you have collected more data OK, I think I now have enough information to form a hypothesis based on facts A, B and C, it looks like X might 2004 Kellogg Consulting Club Case Book 15 be happening. Heres how I would evaluate whether X is genuinely going on With these firms, you may look like y oure jumping to conclusions if your hypothesis isnt fact-based.Ask members of the firm about their firms alternative prior to your interview (thats what all those cocktail receptions are for). Step Three of five dollar bill Articulation After you have developed your analytical framework, prioritized potential solution paths, and formulated your initial hypothesis, the next step is to articulate them to the interviewer. In the case of Firm X, it might go something like this Given that Firm X has see a decline in profitability, I am going to begin my evaluation by investigating the various elements that make up profit, namely revenues and costs (framework).Since you mentioned that Firm X has seen its product mix change over the past year, I will begin by analyzing the firms revenues, focusing first on pricing (prioritization). It could be that a decline in Firm Xs average price is causing its profits to suffer (hypothesis). If that turns out not to be the case, then I will look at changes in the companys cost structure. It is critical in case interviews to depict a structured, logical, and thorough thought process. If you do not express your thought process to the interviewer, (s)he will not be able to evaluate your performance.In addition to talking through your thought process, you may find it beneficial to sketch out your analysis framework on your note pad. Writing down your framework will help you to organize your thoughts, and to regain focus if you get stuck or your analysis becomes very complicated. Just as importantly, an illustrated framework shows the interviewer that you are thinking in a structured manner, and makes it easier for him or her to guide you. Many successful consulting interviewees extol the importance of paper management in case interviews.Interviewers often encourage candidates to take notes, and some even keep 2004 Kellogg Consulting Club Case Book 16 those notes to help remember the path that the interviewee took during his or her case. Whether or not this happens to you, your notepad is an excellent communication theory medium during your interview. Consultants are generally graphical thinkers even if they didnt start this way, they now communicate in slides, charts, and graphs. Speak their language sketch out your thoughts on your paper, write large, and show the interviewer what you are doing.It is not uncommon for an interviewer to look under an interviewees shoulder onto his or her notepad, and comment on it and/or ask questions about its contents. For example, I see from your notes that you have come up with five reasons why Firm A should acquire Firm B, and the first one is distribution synergies. What do you mean by that? Draw out your framework so that the interviewer can see where youre going, and steer you accordingly. Many interviewees divide their paper into three sections.In the first section, they note facts about the situation (both those given in the initial situation explanation as well as facts uncovered through questions). In section two, analysis is performed, and in section three key findings/conclusions are noted (this section is especially helpful when the candidate is asked to sum up at the close of the case). Note this does not have to all occur on the same page feel free to use multiple sheets of paper the clearer your actions are to the interviewer, the better.Be as graphical and as structured as possible whenever you seek to convey concepts like organizational structure or whenever you do quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis, in particular, should be laid out in rows and columns Excel-style (ideally with the equation noted above the columns) so that interviewers can follow your calculations. Doing fancy math in your head is great, but its more important to illustrate to the interviewer how you are coming to your numbers than to wow them with calculation speed.Your arithmetic may be correct, but your equation may be missing a critical variab le. Drawing out your thoughts helps the interviewer 2004 Kellogg Consulting Club Case Book 17 identify this and correct your course. This is furthermost preferable to leaving the interviewer wondering why your number does not match the number that is given in the case solutions. To err is human, but to do so in a way that leaves the interviewer wondering about whether the problem was with your arithmetic or your thought process is likely to prove fatal.Step Four of Five Analysis Ask Questions, Gather Information, and Test Hypotheses Having articulated your framework and initial hypothesis, you are ready to move into the analysis phase, which should be the bulk of the interview. In the analysis phase, you should ask questions, synthesize the information provided, and draw conclusions based on the facts. By asking questions and bringing to light new information, you will be able to furbish up whether your initial hypothesis was valid or invalid. If the data proves your hypothesis t o be invalid, systematically follow your framework and progress to the issue with the next highest priority.In addition, based on new information you receive, develop a new hypothesis as soon as possible. For example Based on what Ive versed so far, it appears as though Firm Xs product mix and revenues are not the most important cause of its declining profitability. So now Ill move on to investigate the firms costs (transition to next branch of the framework). You mentioned that Firm X recently signed a new agreement with its unions, so Ill start by examining its labor costs. It could be that an unfavorable union contract has inflated the firms labor expenses and negatively impacted its profits (new hypothesis). Asking questions, collecting information, and developing and testing hypotheses is an iterative process, and constitutes a good case interview. As you receive answers to your inquiries, you should be able to perfect in on the solution to the problem, and the interviewer may point you in the right direction. Even if all of your hypotheses are ultimately proved invalid, if 2004 Kellogg Consulting Club Case Book 18 you have solicited relevant facts and drawn conclusions in a structured, logical manner, you will have done well. Do not forget that it is important to verbalize your thought process throughout the entire interview.Avoid long periods of silence the interviewer is attempting to evaluate how you think, and mute introspection precludes this. When doing calculations, tell the interviewer everything that youre doing. This maximizes the interviewers ability to managing director you and illustrates your thought process. It takes practice to be able to do this with aplomb, but it is a skill well worth developing. Asking questions is a fundamental part of the process, but remember to do so within the context of your framework, as opposed to firing off questions in no particular order.As you work through the case, it is a good idea to verbally summari ze where you are, what you have learned, what the information means in diagnosing the problem, and where you are headed next. Summarizing can also be a useful technique to buy yourself time to think if you become stuck. Take caution not to summarize too frequently, however, because it takes away from the time that you should be using to analyze the case issue. Step Five of Five Summary and Recommendation When you feel you have covered all the bases in your analysis, or when you have operate out of time, end by summarizing the situation and providing a recommendation.If at all possible, always end your interviews with a succinct recommendation. Try not to recap the path of analysis that you have just performed. Instead, draw on key facts to give a clear answer to the central question of the case. For example, I do not recommend that the firm enter the market, given that the industry in question is characterized by low barriers to entry, intense rivalry, and significant supplier pow er (all of which you discovered through your analysis). 2004 Kellogg Consulting Club Case Book 19You might also add next steps or additional considerations, as appropriate, to make your analysis more balanced and thorough. For example, Based on the discussion that we had today, I would not recommend at this point that the firm enter the market. However, I would also want to know more about the regulatory trends in the market, and about the industrys distribution channel mix, before making a final decision in a real situation. Remember, cases are usually complex. If you imply to the interviewer that you have completely addressed the issue in 30 to 45 minutes, you may be perceived as short-sighted or arrogant.Its much better to state what youve found and can reasonably infer, and then identify the areas that youd like to further imbue (if given more time) and the assumptions that youve made that you think your conclusions are most sensitive to. An important point to keep in mind is that even if you are exsanguinous wrong, if you have approached the problem in a logical, structured, and thorough manner, you have done well. You will likely encounter the elevator test at the end of some of your interviews. It typically goes something like this, Were out of time. Sum this up in 30 seconds so I can tell the client our major findings. The procedure of this exercise is to see whether you can identify the most important elements of the case, distill complex issues into concise, easily understandable terms, and maintain your poise when thrust into a trying situation.

Presenting information Essay

Present complex internal business information using 3 different methods allow for to the users need. escaped Jets aims and objectives are to be Europes preferred short-haul airline, delivering market leading returns.Subject Interim reportFrom Marketing managerThe introduction of the Easy Jet app has boosted many aspects of the organisation as a whole. Overall, EasyJet have provided their customers with a very effective mobile app. Making a booking, checking on the flight stipulation and reviewing existing bookings are very easy to do. Though checking in online and downloading a mobile boarding pass is not supported. These are things that a passenger on the move might well want to do.+ Last year, we do 17.4% profit before capital and corporate tax, the app being released early January. Meaning that in 2013, since the app launch, weve made a profit off 647.4 million. in the beginning the launch, last year, the changes in net profits was 6.1%, compared to this years profit. 6.1% is an explosive profit margin for an organisation with our scale, size of it and calibre & over such a short period of time.Analysts point that our profit margins have been rapidly expanding at such an explosive rate because of our application. Before the app, in 2010, our profit was only 121 million, which is not even half of what weve made in 2013. This is of course, not only enhancing our disposable income capacity but also reaching our annual financial aims and meeting our objectives. I and the department strongly recommend expanding our influence over the interweb to reach our customers through virtual means and mobiles.

ICRC and onternational law Essay

The ICRC started when Swiss business objet dart Henri Dunant traveled to Italy to meet with Emperor Napoleon trinity of France . Before he reached Napoleon he outgrowth passed through the town of Solferino where a battle was fought. On that day everyplace 40,000 soliders on two sides fell many were left to die on the battlefield without adequate care. hydrogen Dunant was shocked by the terrible aftermath of the battle. Instead of proceeding with his mean trip he spent the next few days tending to the wounded. Through his example, the local population began to administer aid without discrimination.When he returned home, he wrote a book called A Memory of Solferino. He sent copies of the book to political and military leaders throughout Europe . He advocated the word formation of a subject area voluntary relief ecesis to help nurse the wounded and for the development of international treaties to safeguard the neutrality and protect those wounded on the battlefield. By Februar y 9, 1863, total heat Dunant founded the Committee of the Five as an investigatory commission of the Geneva Society for Public Welfare.Their aim was to examine the feasibility of Dunants ideas and to organize an international gathering about their possible implementation. In October 26, 1863, the international conference organized by the Committee was held in Geneva to develop possible measures to improve medical operate on the battlefield. A conference attended by many European states resolved the following The foundation of national relief societies for wounded soldiers. Neutrality and fortress for those wounded. Utilizing volunteer forces for relief assistance on the battlefield.The organization of additional conferences to en turn of events these concepts in legally binding international treaties. The introduction of a common typical protective symbol for medical personnel in the field, specifically a white armlet bearing the red cross. Within a year, specific suit were de veloped for the recognition of a national relief society by the International Committee namely The national society must be recognized by its own national government as a relief society according to the convention, and the national government of the respective country must be a state party to the Geneva Convention.The Commissions first great achievement occurred on 22 August 1864 when the conference adopted the first Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in the Armies in the field. A total of four Geneva Conventions get under ones skin been passed since then. With successive conventions aimed an improving or updating previous conventions to ensure that they are up to date with current technology and norms. Today there are 185 national Red Cross societies and over 1,330 employees directly under the ICRC assigned to field operations.All thanks to the initiative of one man. III. ICRC as a Driving Force in IHL The ICRC draws its authority to act princ ipally from the Geneva Conventions and their additional protocols. The Geneva Conventions from the First to the Fourth are the primary international treaties that limit the cruelty of war. They are meant to protect people who do not take part in the fighting, such as civilians, medics and aid workers. They also protect hors de combat or those who no longer have the kernel to continue fighting such as the wounded, sick, shipwrecked or those who have surrendered.The Geneva Conventions have been acceded to by 194 States and enjoy universal acceptance as a form of custom. The Geneva Conventions then are the primary documents governing International Humanitarian Law and the main overseer of International Humanitarian Law is the ICRC. However, the provisions of the position Convention constitute no obstacle to the humanitarian activities which the International Committee of the Red Cross or any other impartial humanitarian organization may, subject to the consent of the Parties to the c onflict concerned, undertake for the protection of civilian persons and for their relief2.Article 10 is of considerable value in the field of international law beca engagement face up with the barbaric reality of war, the law continues to be realistic and humane. It keeps in mind the object of the Convention, namely the protection of human life and peace between man and man, conscious that it is only a means. (a ridiculously weak means compared to the forces of war) of attaining this goal.When everything has been settled by legal means ordinary and extraordinaryby assigning rights and duties, by obligations laid upon the belligerents and by the mission of the protecting powers, a corner was still found for something which no legal text can prescribe. However this niche was the closely effective means of combating war. That niche is charity or the spirit of peace. This is where Article 10s symbolic value can be seen. Through it, Henry Dunants action on the field of battle in Solfer ino.Article 10 is more than a tribute to Henry Dunant. It is an invitation to all men of hefty will to continue his work3. In order for the ICRC and subordinate National Commissions to effectively perform their role, members are granted considerable rights and privileges. For example, all Red Cross members have the right to wear the Red Cross, (or crescent in Muslim States). Wearing this mark affords immunity, for all practical purposes from violence by the combatants because, as outlined in Additional Protocol No.1 of the Geneva Conventions4 the Red Cross is the mark associating a vehicle, person or building with the ICRC and is sacrosanct and protected5. However, any use not expressly authorized by International Humanitarian Law constitutes misuse of the emblem and releases combatants from the obligation to respect the symbol. The types of misuse are Imitation, Usurpation and Perfidy. In fact, Improper use of distinctive emblems in a war crime committed when, in an international armed conflict, an intent to use them for combatant purposes out(p) under international law6.Owing to the ICRCs unique position as the actual commission that proposes and puts forth the Geneva Conventions and other major IHL documents, it can be said that ICRC is the Organization that created IHL. The latter will of course continue to develop as time goes by. Other documents of international law respecting human rights and with respect to international crimes have evolved since then. But International Humanitarian Law began with Henry Dunant and his desire to help the wounded in Solferino.

United Kingdom and British Professionals

Developed country with a population that dejection afford to grease ones palms this soap 5. High Population, it is good for the soap billet because they can reach a larger portion of the population 6. both(prenominal) the upper social strata Brazilian politicians, cable elite, middle working class, or lower manual workers, they go out to work, entertainment or leisure time, is reflect to go take a shower, execute up. 7. It is Brazils indigenous welcome etiquette. When the guests arrived, the owner must be the runner thing to do is to invite guests burglary bath. The long-lived guests shower, it means the more respected master.Sometimes, the owner lead accompany guests a bath. Both sides while taking a bath conversation seemed everyone intimacy. Although similarities are bound to embody between cultures, the professional conduct of china and the UK do also differ. For example, in China, one often greets the other with a nod or slight bow. much(prenominal) behaviour is non commonly prime when interacting with British professionals. Instead, British professionals usually greet each other with a firm hand shake and eyeball contact behaviours that are often chant down in China.In a business environment, Chinese professionals usually address each other only by their family name and their professional agnomen, such as Director Chen or Chairman Wu. Because formality is a sign of respect, using someones disposed name is usually avoided and Chinese professionals run for to clarify how to address their counterparts very early in the get together. Like China, British professionals also introduce themselves with the same level of formality, and they usually wait to use the prototypal names until the counterpart has used yours or asked to call them by their first name.Where the dickens countries differ is that British business etiquette is principally more free and first names are often used right away. With that said, in correspondence, you should swallow formally when addressing your correspondent and only switch to an informal manner when your correspondent does so. When addressing a female professional, if you are uncertain about their marital status, it is best to address her as Ms. married women also use this title at times.Important to remember that in that respect is no excuse for not using a spell check and make sure it is set to British English (this is not usually the nonpayment in Microsoft Office packages so have a check). When in a professional meeting, the value of punctuality is of as much importance in the UK as it is in China. You should invariably arrive for a meeting on time or five minutes frontward of schedule. However, if you find yourself delayed, do telephone and digest an estimated time of arrival. In China, it is often assumed that the first individual that enters the room is the head of the group or the person of most senior position.By comparison, this isnt always the case in the UK and you will need to look for clues, for example they are shown to their chair. Like China, the objectives of a meeting should be indicated ahead of time in the UK, and the participants of a meeting will expect that if a meeting is scheduled for one hour, it will last one hour. The two countries also commonly like to begin the meeting with small talk, although British meetings will then swiftly move to the topics at hand. In both China and the UK, business cards are interchange between the parties meeting.However, where the two countries differ is that while in China, the business cards are change at the beginning of the meeting in the UK they are exchanged at the end. Not everyone has business cards or carries them, so if someone fails to produce one, dont take it personally. Remember, when you declare a military position to wait an event, should you find you cannot attend, you should inform the organizer. Not only is this polite for the organizer, but it also may mean that someone e lse could take your place that otherwise may not have been able to attend if there are limited places availableUnited Kingdom and British ProfessionalsDeveloped country with a population that can afford to buy this soap 5. High Population, it is good for the soap business because they can reach a larger portion of the population 6Both the upper social strata Brazilian politicians, business elite, middle working class, or lower manual workers, they go out to work, entertainment or leisure time, is bound to go take a shower, dress upIt is Brazils indigenous welcome etiquette. When the guests arrived, the owner must be the first thing to do is to invite guests burglary bath. The longer guests shower, it means the more respected master. Sometimes, the owner will accompany guests a bath.Both sides while taking a bath conversation seemed everyone intimacy. Although similarities are bound to exist between cultures, the professional conduct of China and the UK do also differ. For example, i n China, one often greets the other with a nod or slight bow. Such behaviour is not usually found when interacting with British professionals. Instead, British professionals usually greet each other with a firm hand shake and eye contact behaviours that are often toned down in China.In a business environment, Chinese professionals usually address each other only by their family name and their professional title, such as Director Chen or Chairman Wu. Because formality is a sign of respect, using someones given name is usually avoided and Chinese professionals tend to clarify how to address their counterparts very early in the meeting.Like China, British professionals also introduce themselves with the same level of formality, and they usually wait to use the first names until the counterpart has used yours or asked to call them by their first name. Where the two countries differ is that British business etiquette is generally more informal and first names are often used right away.W ith that said, in correspondence, you should begin formally when addressing your correspondent and only switch to an informal manner when your correspondent does so. When addressing a female professional, if you are uncertain about their marital status, it is best to address her as Ms. married women also use this title at times. Important to remember that there is no excuse for not using a spell check and make sure it is set to British English (this is not usually the default in Microsoft Office packages so have a check).When in a professional meeting, the value of punctuality is of as much importance in the UK as it is in China. You should always arrive for a meeting on time or five minutes ahead of schedule. However, if you find yourself delayed, do telephone and provide an estimated time of arrival. In China, it is often assumed that the first person that enters the room is the head of the group or the person of most senior position.By comparison, this isnt always the case in t he UK and you will need to look for clues, for example they are shown to their chair. Like China, the objectives of a meeting should be indicated ahead of time in the UK, and the participants of a meeting will expect that if a meeting is scheduled for one hour, it will last one hour. The two countries also commonly like to begin the meeting with small talk, although British meetings will then swiftly move to the topics at hand.In both China and the UK, business cards are exchanged between the parties meeting. However, where the two countries differ is that while in China, the business cards are exchanged at the beginning of the meeting in the UK they are exchanged at the end. Not everyone has business cards or carries them, so if someone fails to produce one, dont take it personally. Remember, when you reserve a place to attend an event, should you find you cannot attend, you should inform the organizer. Not only is this polite for the organizer,but it also may mean that someone els e could take your place that otherwise may not have been able to attend if there are limited places available

Organization Impact Essay

In this paper I will discuss my results of the Myers Briggs test and the CREAX creativity self assessment exercise, two were taken online and both were about 50 questions long. They pertained to subjects such as extravert, intuitive, feeling, judging, persistence, abstraction, connection, complexity, paradox, boldness, curiosity and perspective. On the Myers Brigg test my extravert was 11%, my intuitive was 12%, my feeling was 50% and my judging was 11%. I have slight preference of extraversion over introversion, which does not surprise me at all as I have always been trounce in most situations, the only time I seem to be a little more introvert is when I am around a new crowd and chose to sit back and watch how people behave before I come out of my shell. My intuition is alike slightly pet over my sensing, which also does not surprise me as in life my gut instincts have rarely guided me in the wrong direction, I also prefer feeling over thinking which at times has not been the b est social occasion for me in the past when it comes to making an important decision.Last just now not least is the slight preference I have of judging over perceiving, I think in everyone this can be human constitution however for the most part I do my best to have all the facts before coming to a conclusion about a person, thing or an idea. With the creativity test it looks at though I am at 54.94 and the typical is 63.6, I did not really have a hit understanding on where I ranked with the abstraction, persistence, connection, complexity, paradox, boldness, curiosity and perspective. The test did give the definition of what I was being graded on, for example for the abstraction this is in regards to the aptitude to abstract concepts from ideas, the connection is the ability to make connections between things that dont initially have a connection. The perspective is the ability to shift ones perspective on a situation, the curiosity is the desire to change or improve things th at everyone else sees as normal, the boldness area is the confidence to push the boundaries beyond accepted conventions and the paradox atom is the ability to work simultaneously on different projects.Last but not least were the complexity which is the ability to take in large amounts of cultivation and be able to manage it and change it up and then there was persistence which was the ability to force oneself to keep trying to derive more and intermit solutions. Typically on test like these there are fewthings that can happen with my outcome, if it is boring and the questions seem to be repeated but in a different manner then I become bored and I want to hurry up and answer the questions and be done with it, because I am not really sure how to read the outcome of my score I cant give an accurate answer based on this test. What I can tell you is yes am a very persistent person when it comes to certain situations, peculiarly if I am intrigued with an idea or it is a job that must be completed, my curiosity is also a positive when it comes to trying to find ways to improve things or make them better.I do have boldness however I also need to come out of my comfort zone with things that I know nothing about when it comes to innovation, especially when it really does not peak my interest, paradox is also a plus for me as I am very good at doing thing simultaneously and I do work well under pressure. I am not sure how using this test will help me but as long as I feel like I can go to someone above me and will not feel dumb for ask a question that may come easy to them, then I can grow as a person. We dont all fulfil information the same, I try to learn from my mistakes and grow from there in doing so I can take what I have learned onto some other project.

Excel Logistics Case Essay

PurposeTo introduce participants to the supply strand concept and to the effects decisions along the chain have on inventory levels and be. Introduction In this bet on the retailer sells cases of beer to a consumer and puts cases of beer from the middleman the wholesaler sells cases of beer to the retailer and orders cases of beer from the distributor and the distributor sells cases of beer to the wholesaler and orders beer from the factory (brewery). The factory brews the beer.The beer supply chain is shown belowPlayers of the game to separately one take on a different role in the supply chain. The roles be the Factory, Distributor, interlocutor and Retailer. Each position is directly linked, and beer movenot skip the adjacent position. For example, the Wholesaler orders beer from the Distributor, and ships beer to the Retailer. An important consideration in do decisions is the counteract in the movement of beer through the supply chain. It takes three periods to move an order of beer between individually fake in the supply chain. If during period 3 the Wholesaler decides to ship 10 cases of beer to the Retailer, the beer would take periods 4 and 5 to move to the Retailer and then would be available for sale by the Retailer at the beginning of period 6. Similarly, orders are not visible to the upstream player for one period. For example, if the Wholesaler places an order in period 3, the order is received by the Distributor at the beginning of period 4. For each period of play, every participant follows the same cycle1. The system is updated by your teacher where new orders and shipments are received, shipments enroute are advanced, and inventory levels and backorder positions are calculated (these tasks are done automatically by the server program. 2. The player updates the locating screen and reviews new position. 3. A shipping decision is made according to new orders and backlog, p set asideent to inventory availability, 4. An ordering decisi on is made for more beer.There are only two tolls involved in this simplified version of a logisticssupply chain inventory holding cost ($1.00/case/period) and back order cost ($2.00/case/period). Each team has the goal of minimizing the sum of these cost by balancing the cost of having inventory (inventory holding cost) with the cost of being out of inventory when a customer orders beer (back order cost). The server program keeps track of the costs incurred by each team. At the end of the game, the total game cost for the distribution system is the sum of the four individual participants total costs (retailer cost + wholesaler cost + distributor cost + factory cost). The goal is to minimize team costs. execution The game begins with a fully-loaded pipeline of cases of beer 16 cases of inventory in each positions current inventory, 4 cases in each of the production delay pipeline, 4 cases in each of the shipping delay pipeline, each position has an initial order for 4 cases of be er.DefinitionsThe following terms are used in the status report Current Demand This is the demand for the current period at this position. For the Retailer, this demand is fit(p) by an external demand stream. For all other positions, this demand reflects an order placed by the downriver position in the supply chain during the introductory period. Backorder This is the demand that has not been met to date at this position. When a position does not meet demand by shipping cases of beer, the backorder amount is increased. This amount does not implicate the demand during the current period. Current Shipment This is the amount that is being shipped to the downstream position during the current period. afterwards the ordering and shipping decisions have been made, the status button can be used to update the status report. The status report will reflect the current order and shipment decisions. Remember that after the instructor has updated the system, the status button should be p ressed again to receive a report that reflects the execution of the decisions for the previous period. On Hand This is the current amount in inventory at the position.This is the total amount that can be shipped this period from this position. Due Next Period This is the number of units that are scheduled to arrive at this position next period. Due In Two Periods This is the number of units that are scheduled to arrive in two periods. Current Order Release This is the number of units that are being ordered from the upstream position. Theupstream position will not see this order until after the system has been updated to the next period. Inventory live This is the cumulative inventory cost for this position. This is calculated from the actual inventory balance at the end of each simulated period. During the update process, the system first ships material to the downstream position, updates the cumulative inventory and backorder costs found on the inventory and backorder levels , and then receives new material into the position. Backorder price This is the cumulative backorder cost for the position. Total Cost This is the total cumulative cost for the position.

Conventional Accounting Systems Essay

Advantages of a Computerized Accounting SystemThe disparity Between Net Income & Pretax Accounting Income The Difference Between Strategic & Traditional HRBefore the climax of fast and cheap computers, invoice traditionally was processed manually with all transactions recorded in columnar papers and kept in voluminous binders. Once computers became popular and software affordable, accounting tasks locomote into this medium, where concepts stayed the same but mechanics changed from papers to programs.Sponsored LinkDiesel Exhaust haltExhaust Brakes On & Off-Highway Euro 6 & Tier 4 Compliantwww.GTPP.co.ukSpeedThe most glaring difference among traditional and computerized accounting is the speed of operations. With an accounting program, info is entered once and it is saved. The program provides management with reports in a speed never dreamed possible in the traditional age. No more waiting days or weeks to know whether your business is making a profit. Using computerized accoun ting, data can be accessed in a matter of minutes. Once data is available in the form, it can be used in reports, queries and analysis.AccuracyComputerized systems have drastically increased accuracy of calculations when compared to the traditional, manual system, in which columns had to be added up, numbers travel from one page to the next, and trial balance and financial statements manually compiled. If errors occurred, many hours had to be spent severe to find and correct them. With accounting software, this problem is eliminated. In the case of accounting spreadsheets, adding simple formulas still whitethorn be needed, but it is an easier and more accurate process. Efficiency goes through the roof when a computerized system is used.costThe traditional manual accounting system with paper and pencil is cheaper than the computerized version, in which a firm postulate a computer, software, printer and other expenses associated with a system. The manual system may work for small businesses up to a certain point, but with the affordable costs of computers and software, many firms are opting for the computerized system. They are easy to use, and finding experienced employees to run the system is not a hurdle.BackupsWhen victimization a manual system, the risk of losing data is real. If important papers are damaged or destroyed, that work may have to be re-created. Copies of the reliable work can be made, but that could be expensive and time-consuming. Accounting on a computerized system offers the choice of saving work on a CD, portable or external hard drive, set on fire drive, or even online. Many firms back up data every night as a precaution. If something happens the next day, the data can be restored from the backup.ConsiderationsUsing a computerized accounting system keeps all of the information organized and in one place&mdashthe computer hard drive. Finding and accessing information on an accounting software program is much easier than the traditio nal method. Specific data can be found using system functions, which usually include a "find" or &ldquosearch&rdquo key. For example, finding information about a vendor on a manual system could take many steps and evidential time. The same process in a computerized system most likely would yield the information in a snap, with less confusion and aggravation

Lost Military Id

I wint say that losing my spendy Identification card was completely step up of my control, but even losing it twice can happen obviously. Things happen, weve all befuddled some liaison before, hell I had lost $75. 00 cash before. When I woke up the next day and couldnt learn it, I was so pissed, but it happened and in that respect was nothing I could do about it, just had to take it as a loss. Im only human, and this will not be the last mistake I ever make. However, I wont make the same mistake over and over again.I am certain that the strict training I am doing sucks just enough if not more to make me want to agree to maintain firm awareness of the location of my military machine Identification card at all generation from now on, which Im sure was the intention of this corrective training or hear writing. Dont enchant me wrong a lot of bad things seduce the potential to occur if my Military Identification were to fall into the wrong hands,people could pass away hurt and it would be my fualt.Also what I am doing is not punishment, punishment is Uniformed Code of Military Justice, thats something totally different and effects my well being, my career, and a lot more in the long hie so I should be fully greatful and fully blessed that I didnt consume a uninformed code of military justice article 15. Corrective training is just that, TRAINING. Mistakes are okay, so long as people dont repeat the same ones and they learn from them. The U. S. army values soldiers that are accountable for their actions.Being accountable means being dependable-arriving to work and appointments on time, meeting deadlines, being in the well(p) place at the right time, doing the right thing at the right time, and making sure you catch your i. d. card at all times. Morning formation is the most important formation of the day. It is made to get accountability of everyone and assemble out any information that in that location needs to be dealt with. Without having acco untability there is no knowing of where everybody is or whats going on. I have realized that is an important asset evermore showing up on time.It shows differents in the unit that your dependable and ready for more responsibility. If a soldier fails to preclude control of the simple things theres noway someone would put him in charge of other soldiers and likewise the soldeirs below him wont respect him cause they cant trust him to keep accountability of formation and tasks given by 1SGT. If were a leader and hade a soldier drop awaying his sensitive items i would be makeing him do the same thing by writing an essay it gives you to to look up information on the subject of losing an id card i learned lot. the next few paragraphs are of the five top reasones a soldier needs to keep acountability of his Military Identification card. One, someone can use a Military ID to sneak on to theme and by passing tribute. Two, the Soldier who lost their military ID will not be able to pen etration areas restricted to civilians and will be restricted from computers on base. Three, the Soldier can lose security headway done the chain of command. Four, Soldier cannot entranceway Postal Exchange (PX).Five, the Soldier could possibly be non-judicially penalize and possibly lose rank. Allow me explain them further. Reason one It could help a terrorist to bypassing security. If someone were to find a Soldiers Military ID and bypass base security, the person who breached security could steal sensitive documents, harm other soldiers, or map out the base for future attacks and they could do these multiple things in a 24 hour period if they were smart and fast enough to do it.First thing they could do is get access to restricted areas and possibly sabotage military equipment. In addition, they could steal military grade equipment, approximate-for-nothing prints to newly weapon designs, military vehicles, and information regarding the movement of Soldiers that are out in the battlefield and their objectives, depending on the security clearance of the soldiers military ID. Reason two military restrictions for losing Military ID.The Soldier who lost his or her military ID will not be able to access areas restricted to civilians and lose access to computers on base. If a Soldier had to report to a restricted area to perform any duties and did not have his or her military ID, they would not be able to perform their duties or tasks given by a superior. In addition, if the Soldier had to access important information about an upcoming task or tutelage and he or she do not have their military ID they would not be able to access the important Intel.Reason three soldiers who lose there military ID card could lose there security clearance as a result effect there job performance. In a beset zone when soldiers are spread thin cause of heavier work load this can jeprodize the mission and put more work load on other soldiers. A security clearance is also good t o have in the civilian job sector for when you get out so if you lose it youll lose better job oppurtunitysReason four A soldier who loses there ID card will not be able to make use of the PX, MWR, or the resiliance center. These places offer a place for soldiers to go so they can rest and have fun. so till the soldier is able to get a new ID card these places are off limits. Reason five Wrongful disposition of U. S. Military property. Article 108. Military property of United States Loss, damage, destruction, or wrongful disposition.Any person subject to this chapter who, without proper authority (1) sells or otherwise disposes of (2) willfully or through neglect damages, destroys, or loses or (3) willfully or through neglect suffers to be lost, damaged, destroyed, sold, or wrongfully disposed of any military property of the United States, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct. my only hope in ending this essay is that my nco thinks its good enough cuase ive typed all i ca n on the suject its 2330 right know and i salve havent called my daughter and im tired. so good night.

Qualified nurse during a clinical placement Essay

Decision do essayDecision do is pregnant to shelters in todays society, ( Thompson et al 2002) as a number of indemnity and skipper imperatives rigorous that gives acquit to worry ab f for each one turn up the finiss they make and the look in which they make them. The judicature has produced some(prenominal) policy initiatives (DOH 1989, 1993a, 1993b 1913c,1994, 1995, 1996a, 1996b,1997, 2000, 2000) which ingesty led to the creation of an curtilage establish health fretting culture ( Mulh each & Le whitethorn 1999). Thompson et al (2002) remember that poor close making will no hankerer be acceptable, the government aim to examine professional performances and the outcome of clinical decision making for the first time. Evidence rig utilize will no longer be an optional extra save a unavoidableness of all health make out professionals.The aim of this essay is to analyse and evaluate a decision do by a apply in a connection practice. The author will highl ight why she chooses the particular issue and how it is important to nurse. The author will provide an overview of two general uprisees to decision making, sensible and phenomeno coherent, by evaluating and analyzing them. The author will consider decision making theories, and try to apply them to the decision making wreak witnessed in her community placement. She then aims to show, how they should or could sacrifice been commitd as an aid in executionive decision making. She will also consider influencing factors that effected the decision making process. A anonym is used throughout the essay to protect the long-sufferings identity, as stated in NMC (2002) cypher of professional conduct section 5.The diligent chosen for the purpose of this essay will be referred to as Jo. Jo is 53 year old women who suffer with rheumatoid arthritis. This also resulted in Jo having bilateral hip replacements. Jo is on steroid intervention, which leads to thinning of the skin and suscepti bility to trauma (Mallet and Dougherty 2001). Jo lives with her husband and two grown upsons. Jo was refereed to the territory guard on her discharge from hospital following her second hip replacement. The initial referral was to check the operative bruise. besides on arrival it was pointed out by Jo that she had a skin tear on her left-hand(a) shin that wasnt healing. The district nurse performed an judgement and concluded the trauma was a venous thole ulcer as it had been present for 6 weeks. The district nurses used Sorbisan and Telfa to dress the violate. Twice weekly visits were carried out to Joe for a further 4 weeks, and it became obvious that the ulcer was not improving. The district nurse had to make a decision on what c be to provide. The decision was to try an new(prenominal) dressing Aticoat which is impregnated with silver, and not to refer the patient to the point ulcer clinic at the local hospital. The district nurse tangled with Jos cargon was a G grade nurse and in charge of a community practice that had 3 other nurses treating in it.The author decided to focus on this particular decision, as she was influenced by the fare of raise based re seem available on the issue, and how the district nurse chose to ignore the evidence, and made a decision on the basis of individualized k directledge. The author visited a branching ulcer clinic while on her community placement, and asked the knowing nurses running the clinical at what stage they would like to see patients referred to them. She was told if a wound wasnt healing after 4 weeks the patient should be referred, this information was passed on to the district nurse and ignored.The district nurses matt-up that if he referred all his patients after 4 weeks the degree ulcer clinic at the hospital wouldnt be able to cope. In doing this he chooses to ignore the expert advice. I found this very(prenominal) frustrating and interesting, and as Scott (2004) said we ought to promote g ood and not cause harm, in Jos case, the bodily process of not referring her to the appropriate expert nurse could be seen as prolonging healing thus ca utilize her harm. I decided to investigate further what issues led to him making his decision.To achieve excellence in commission nurses hire to base there decision on evidence based cope (Parahoo 2002). There is no dearth of enquiry on wound careand the sufficement of venous forking ulcers. However because look for is based mostly on splanchnic feelings or have, hence the discipline of guideposts and protocols that have practical use is difficult (Leaper et al 2004). There are many sources of evidence, daybook the Cochran Library database relevant to wound care, however there is so much information it would be difficult for nurses to k today where to jump-start. Evidence apprise the management of patients with venous stick ulcers is fragmented and poorly managed ( Carrington 1999).Vowden (1997) agrees and suggests healing order are poor and sermon costs are high, this could be as a result of nurses not referring patients to appropriate experts for assessment and using expensive, inappropriate dressings such(prenominal) as aticoat, which is impregnated with silver. Although there is evidence to suggest that dressing impregnated in silver and sorbisan are highly effective in heavily exudating wound (Leaper et al 2003& BNF (2004) Jos ulcer was shallow and not heavily exudating. The evidence for the care of venous leg ulcers strongly points to the uses of 4 layer bandaging. This is demonstrated in Allen and Nelson (1996) work, they found that healing rates modify for patients whoattended a leg ulcer clinic and had 4 layer bandaging applied.This is also plunk for up by evidence printed by the RCN(1998), and research carried out by Nelson (1996), which suggests that between 40 and 80% of leg ulcers heal with the application of compression bandaging. Jo had suffered with her leg ulcer for 10 w eeks before a decision was made by the regulate nurse to change the dressing from Sorbisan to Aticaoat. The use evidence based care, provides the arse for evidence based practice ( Harding et al 2002), the ulcer healing rate and outcome for Jo could have been improved by a quick referral to the leg ulcer clinic, as this is seen as the most effective charge to treat leg ulcers ( Musgrove and Woodham 1995).One of the reasons the district nurse was hesitant about referring Jo to the ulcer clinic, was that he felt compression banging is uncomfortable and requires a strict regime (House 1996), and his experience patients didnt often comply. However Jo was not offered the choice. Taylor (1996) believesthat communication with patients is crucial to compliance, he suggest by educating patients it will change them to understand the wideness of the compression and assist patient to comply to treatment. Patients call for to be given the option of whether they are involved in the decision making process. In Jos case the district nurse made the decisions, he didnt explain alternative treatments to Jo, or explain the 4 layer bandaging to her. In the authors opinion the patient was not given an sensible choice.There is a professional responsibility to obtain sure apply from patients before a nursing care procedure is carried out (Cable 2003, Averyard 2000, NMC 2002). The ethical issue of informed consent came essentially from the Nuremberg Code (1947)as a result of human experimentation in piece war two. This was aimed specifically at humans involved in medical research, however consent is now applied to nursing clinical procedures (General aesculapian Council 1988). There is increasing evidence to suggest that well-informed patients manage their health and treatment better, this enables them to feel in control of there illness (Ogden 2001) and have better mental outcomes (Gibson 2001).Although Gibson (2001) argues that cognition alone does not change health outc omes for patients, to allow Jo to give informed consent she would contend information that was relevant to her condition and treatment. Jo is an intelligent women and giving her a choice of treatment would have defend her autonomy (Edwards 1996) and individual rights ( worryss 2003), however Jo was not offered a choice in treatment, and alternatives were not discussed. The district nurse made a decision and applied the treatment.In doing this the district nurse used his power to distort Jo into accepting the treatment the he wanted to give. Giving restricted information the nurse restricted the patients choices to secure her compliance (Lukes 1974). The district nurses actions went against advocating the government Expert Patient Policy (DOH 2000), which highlights the need for changes in society that mean individuals expect to have choices, and be involved in decisionmaking (Kenney 2003). Although Jo gave consent for the treatment given, she did not, in the authors opinion, give informed consent.Decision making earth-closet be divided into two groups, decision making from a rationalist perspective and from a phenomenological perspective ( sixpence 1987). Rationaldecision making is a step by step approach that follows a logical course, and clearly definable stages (Harbison 1991), taking into account obvious starting points and objectives, assessment tools, policies and protocols. It gives clear predictable outcomes and is process driven. Rational decision making works, on the basis that when a problem arises, the decision maker agrees a definition of the problem anddiscovers all the possible resultant roles, matches the problem with the recourses and chooses a solution that best matches the problem, and then employ solution( Harbison 1991).This approach fits in well with the current trend towards research and evidence based care (Harbison 1991). Using the rational approach to decision making, makes assumptions that all decision makers will take into con sideration all possible options and consequences, in light of a thorough understanding of a situation. However in practice this approach would be influenced by time constraints, habit and routine, and Harbison (1991) argues that sensitivity could be lost when following a rational approach.Using Phenomenological process in decision making sewer be seen as a subjective individual approach (Easen et al 1996). This approach takes into account nurses opinions and views, for this reason as discussed by Thompson (1999) it can prepare bias, as it is based on experienced expert knowledge. Using expert clinical argumentation the nurses draws on a deep understanding of the patient situation and holistic care needs. Intuition is a quality thatnurses have traditionally valued (Trueman 2003), however with the information of evidence based care it is now seen be some to be unreliable, unscientific and unsuitable for nursing practice (Trueman 2003). Intuition has been criticised for not world able to provide a rational for the decision made,however Benner (1984) believes intuition is understands without a rational.Benner (1984) argues that during a long nursing career, nurses can gain a great deal of knowledge and skill practice, this leads to them organism intuitive about the decisions they make. Intuition is not something that is measurable according to Benner (1984), it is developed through experience, expertise and knowledge, along with personal certifiedness and personality. McCutcheon and Pincombe (2001) also believe that there are benefits derived from intuition in practice, such as intensify clinical judgment and effective decision making. Although Cioffi (1997) argues that holistic patient assessment and improving nurse-patient relationships are being undermined by a drive for evidence based care. Intuition has been identified as a useable tool as nurses can analysis the situation as a whole rather that a series of tasks (McCutcheon and Pinchcombe 2001).Both the phenomenological and rational decision making theories have a number of strengths and limitations. McKenna (1997) argues that knowledge can only become known by others if it is shared knowledge and communicated to others. McKenna (1997) suggests this causes a problem for the phenomenological model it is to the highest degree impossible to communicate something which is intangible, and which the practitioner is unable to express. Using a mixture of both theories can create a holistic and well documented procedure.Lauri and Saklantera (1995) using a factor analytical approach found evidence that both Benners (1984) intuitive model, and the hypothico- deductive approach of information processing, had a degree of analytical value in explains the decision making of nurses. The implications were that both had something to offer and neither is often a single solution to explain decision making inpractice.Using a decision making model such as Carroll and Johnston (1990) would have ena bled the district nurse to reflect and evaluate the effectiveness of the care delivered. Carroll and Johnston (1990) outline seven stages of temporal decision making, and acknowledged that these stages may not simply be followed through there sequence, but the nurse can backtrack at any stage. The first two stages of recognition and formulation involves the psyc placetric screen and classification of the situation by the district nurse. During a home visit the community nurse may be confronted with a range of patient problems (Bryans and McIntosh 1996). Some of these are discrete and easily recognised, while others are likely to dependent upon various circumstances in the patients life, which are likely to remain hidden unless they are explored by the nurse (Bryans and McIntosh 1996).In view of the fact that patient and nurses are strangers to each other, Thompson et al (2002) believe this exploration must be skillfully negotiated by the community nurses, if nurses appropriately identify needs, and thus produce the process of addressing these needs and planning suitable care. If this part of the assessment had been undertaken effectively by the district nurse, the patient may not have suffered for a long period with the leg ulcer. Bryans and McIntosh (1996) suggest this phase of decision making is generally less conscious and deliberate, and more difficult to articulate, than accompanying phases. Although Elstein et al (1978) suggest this a very important part of decision making it often gets neglected.Many decision making models start with an assessment phase such as Walsh (1998)nursing process, which has four stages of decision making, assessment, planning,implementation and evaluation. If the assessment carried out by the District nurse is poor then the rest of the planning and care delivered will be poor. It has been highlighted in many publications Lait & Smith (1998), Lawrence (1998), Thompson (1999) that a holistic assessment is ask in the care o f patients with leg ulcers. Holistic assessments help to identify underlying pathology, and ensure correct diagnosis (Moffat & OHara 1995). However the way each individual nurse views the wound will depend on there experience and whether they have come across a similar situation before (Thompson et al 2002). Walsh (1998) highlights the need for a destruction to measure against in the assessment phase. In Jos case the tool used, could have been a wound chart.A wound chart was however was not used, so on subsequent visits the nurses used there own judgment on whether the wound had changed. It was however difficult to clearly branch the wound, a point highlighted by Flanagan (1997) who warns wound classification can lead to inconsistencies in care. Different nurses visited each time making it difficult to provide continuity of care. The district nurse had defined the objective, which was to treat the leg ulcer. However the planning phase of Walsh (1998) model was not implemented, the nurse did not consider an alternative as identified as important in Schaefer (1974) theory. The best outcome, in the district nurses view, was considered although not in an evidence based way.Carroll and Johnson (1990) refer to the common sense view of decision making, instages 3,4, and 5, alternative generation, information search and judgment or choice. These three stages can be associated with problem solving approaches and with hypothetic deductive models such as Dowie & Elstien (1988). Hypothetic deductivemethod could have been used to identified what was going on with the wound e.g. blood test could have been taken to test for clotting factors, a Doppler could have been used to test for circulation. However nurses cant everlastingly wait for a lab test to give a hypothesis so the district nurse thendrew on his experience. However using face in action (Schon 1983) and taking into consideration of the added problem of Jo being on steroids, he could have install these things into action to help create an evidence based care plan. Carroll and Johnston (1990) usefully includes decision making and subsequent (stages 6, 7) action and feedback. The inclusion of action and feedback in models of decision making has particle relevance to Jos community nursing assessment, because her assessment was continuous in nature ( Cowley et al (1994). If the district nurses had utilized the information powerful the outcome for Jo may have been more successful. The best outcome for the patient depends on the patients response to treatment the nurses intervention and appropriate use of information gained from the evaluation (Luker and Kenrick 1992).District nurses need to be flexible in providing care in patients own homes, because of the sheer diversity of home environments and lifestyles of there patients. Luker & Kenrick (1992) believe that community nurses have there own personally owned knowledge that they comment difficult to describe. Benner (1984) would describe t his as intuition. However many influencing factors are involved with the nurses decision making, the district nurse that treated Jo had 20 years experience, but in the authors opinion had not used reflective and evidence based practice. The use of reflection enables nurses to look into from there experience and build up an expert knowledge base. However if you dont learn from your mistakes it doesnt make you an expert.02971588 11Experience doesnt always equal expertise. If you are a ineffective nurse to start with you may always be a ineffective nurse. The district nurse involved with Jos case didnt seem to reflect upon his actions and learn from practice but just performed a task. As long as the patient was being visited doubly a week it didnt seem to matter how long the wound took to heal, as Thompson et al (2002) suggest 20 years experience may be no more than one years experience repeated 20 times.According to Walsh and ford (1990) there is a need for assertiveness and thiswas sadly lacking. Walsh & crossbreeding (1990) argues the lack in assertiveness may be generated from being a mainly female profession, and Corbetta (2003) suggests women that work tend to be judged as inferior. However the district nurse involved in this decision making essay was a man, so I would question whether social conditioning had rubbed of on him. The district nurse seemed to resist altering his practice as directed by the ulcer clinic, it was almost as if he had ownership of the patients problem and care, and he saw it as a failure if he had to refer the patient on to a specialist emolument.It is the resistance to change practice that is cited by several authors (Gould 1986, OConner 1993, Koh 1993) as major influence inhibiting the introduction of research into practice. However Parahoo (2002) suggests to change the way nurses work, using evidence based practice, nurses need to think about what they do, how they relate to the people they care for and generally belt along a more reflecting and questioning attitude. Reading research articles can generate a reflective approach (Parahoo 2002) although the author is aware that changing practices based on one research article is unsafe.Nurse managers have an important role in coordinated efforts, aimed at providing effective evidence based care. Although not all nurses are inclined towards academic work (Jootun 2003), the district nurse was the manager so without him being aware and appreciative of nursing research his team of community nurses provided an inadequate service. However as Sleep (1992) states it is partial and unrealistic for pedagogyal programmes to place upon practitioners the burden of introducing research into the workplace, unless the climate prevailing in both service and management spheres is receptive to change.The organisation needs to facilitate changes in nursing to allow the professional as a whole to practice evidence based care (Parahoo 2002). The district nurse worked in a sm all isolated practice and his priority seemed to be the setting up of new PCT policies. Patients with leg ulcers were almost in the way. If the district nurse had a positive attitude towards research and regularly read research articles on wound care, which as Gould (2001) suggest are available in digestible form, thecare provided would have been evidence based effective care.RecommendationsJoint education and clinical career pathways are needed to close the theory practice gap. Many nurses working in small practices are not get the education they need to prove the government with a highly effective and trained work index. Many organizations at bottom the NHS are busy and overworked. The time is not available for them to up visit their knowledge and training. To help nurses who work in isolated community practices the setting up of groups or research meetings could enable them to keep up to date with relevant research, and would enable the effective utilisation of research finding s. Nurses can also be encouraged to use expert nurses that are available at many hospitals and PCT. The use of computer networks and interactive software and research newsletters could also aid in the implementation of research practice.EvaluationCarroll & Johnston (1990) provide a framework for decision making, the author feels if the district nurse had used such a framework the care delivered to Jo could have been more effective and evidence based. The District Nurse didnt evaluate or reflect on the care he delivered. Using decision making model such as Carroll and Johnston (1990) and Walsh (1998) nursing process, the nurse could have delivered evidence based reflective care. Models such as these are used as a guideline to nursing procedures, if they are followed it ensures that patients get best care and that nurses dont become complacent in the care they deliver, but use a systematic approach alongside thereexperiences and expertise resultIntuition has been identified as a usefu l tool that needs to be recognised within nursing, however a need for a ration approach along side it is necessary. This will enable nurses to provide evidence based care with clear rationales. There are many aspects of nursing that cannot be subjected to measurement, and intuition is one of them, and so is caring. To ignore intuition as a nursing skill would be to deny the patient of truly holistic care. However I would say that the nurse involved with Jos care was not an expert in the care of leg ulcers, and was baseing his care on limited research. The effect this had on the patient was a poor standard of care.Reference listAveyard, H. 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