Cultural Landscape Essay

A cultural landscape is a piece of land that possesses natural and cultural resources related to an historic event, person, or group of people. They are usually man-made lexis of relationships with the nature and/or society or culture. These can include grand estates, public gardens and parks, educational institutions, cemeteries, highways, and industrial sites. Cultural landscapes are also humanist works of art, texts and narratives of cultures that express regional and cultural identity. They also present relationship to their ecological perspective. Human activities have turned out to be a major cause of shaping most cultivated landscapes on the surface of Earth. Human, animal and machine labor expended in using the land can create outstanding cultural landscapes with high aesthetic, cultural and ecological value such as the paddy-field rice terraces of south-east Asia, but may as well result in land degradation as is the case in some regions in the Mediterranean. The distribution of landforms such as steep slopes, fertile plains, inundated valleys in a landscape sets the frame for land use by determining factors such as accessibility, water and nutrient availability, but may over long periods of time also be changed through land use. On the other hand, land use serves distinct socio-economic purposes: land may supply materials and energy through hunting, agriculture or forestry, it may host infrastructure, or it may be needed to absorb waste and emissions (Haberl et al. , 2004). Landscapes can be seen as the contingent and historically variable outcome of this interplay between socio-economic and biophysical forces. During the evolution of cultural landscapes throughout the world, humans have developed adaptive land-use techniques and created specific patterns of fields, farmsteads, remnant woodlots and the like that depended on both natural and socio-economic conditions. In European agricultural landscapes, the long history of land transformation has led to regionally distinct regular patterns of geometrically arranged landscape elements, reflecting the historical and cultural background of the prevailing land-use system of a region (Bell, 1999). The spatial distribution of ecotopes, the so-called landscape structure, has therefore often been regarded as a mosaic of ‘frozen processes’; i. e. landscape structure assumedly mirrors the processes which had been going on in a landscape. This perception has even become a central paradigm in modern landscape ecology. While many ecosystem processes are difficult to observe directly, landscape structure can be derived from mapping as well as from remote-sensing data; therefore, landscape structure was often not only used to evaluate the ecological value of landscapes, but also to judge ecological aspects of the sustainability of land-use patterns (Wrbka et al. , 1999b). The Influence Of Land Form On The Intensity Of Land Use Cultural landscapes have, in contrast to natural and semi-natural landscapes, special characteristics. The disturbance regime as well as the major material and energy fluxes in these transformed landscapes is controlled to a large extent by humans. This is done by the different land-use practices applied for meadows, arable land or forests. Decisions about land use are made according to the local agro-ecological characteristics which are nested in a hierarchy of social, economical and technical constraints. Cultural landscapes can thus only be understood by analyzing the interplay between biophysical and socioeconomic patterns and processes. Landscape Structure And Intensity Of Land Use Odum and Turner (1989) found that the landscape elements of the Georgia landscape in the early 1930s had a higher fractal dimension than the elements of the same region in the 1980s. During the same period of time the use of fertilizers, pesticides and other agrochemicals increased dramatically. This illustrates that the growing human impact on the land may result in a landscape with decreasing geometrical complexity. Human activities introduce rectangularity and rectilinearity into landscapes, producing regular shapes with straight borders (Forman, 1999; Forman and Moore, 1992). Various studies suggest that the rate of landscape transformation is a function of land-use intensity (Alard and Poudevigne, 1999; Hietala-Koivu, 1999; Mander et al. , 1999; Odum and Turner, 1989), and that the geometric complexity of a landscape in particular decreases with increasing land-use intensity accompanied by a decrease of habitat heterogeneity and an increase of production units. Applying the thermodynamic laws to landscape structure, Forman and Moore (1992) suggested that the concentrated input of energy (e. g. , by tractor ploughing, plant production, wildfire) decreases the entropy of patches compared to adjacent areas and produces straight and abrupt boundaries. In other words, energy is required to convert natural curvilinear boundaries into straight lines and energy is required to maintain them. The reduction of the energy input increases entropy and revegetation convolutes and softens landscape boundaries. This means that the ‘landscape structure’, in the sense of Forman and Godron (1986), can be regarded as ‘frozen processes’. Landscape Structure And Biodiversity Many surveys show that species richness of vascular plants and bryophytes normally decreases with land-use intensity (Luoto, 2000; Mander et al. , 1999; Zechmeister and Moser, 2001; Zechmeister et al. , 2003). As the link between landscape structure and land-use intensity could be established, shape complexity as a measure of land-use intensity seems to be also a good predictor of species richness (Moser et al. , 2002; Wrbka et al. , 1999a). Accordingly, higher species richness in areas with high LD and richness values can be expected. The use of shape complexity indices as indicators for plant species richness is based on an assumed correlation between geometric landscape complexity and biodiversity (Moser et al. , 2002). Obviously, this correlation is not mechanistic but it is supposed to be due to congruent effects of land-use intensity on landscape shape complexity and species richness. Moser et al. (2002) gives a good literature overview about the driving factors responsible for the decrease of landscape complexity with increasing land-use intensity, which resulted in the following key findings: * The majority of landscape elements in agricultural landscapes are designed by humans as rectangles with straight and distinct boundaries (Forman, 1999). * Outside boundaries of semi-natural or natural patches are straightened by neighboring cultivated areas (). * Increasing land-use intensity is accompanied by a decrease of semi-natural and natural areas (Alard and Poudevigne, 1999; Mander et al. , 1999), resulting in a decrease of natural curvilinear boundaries. * Intensification in agriculture tends to increase the size of production units (Alard and Poudevigne, 1999; Hietala-Koivu, 1999). In addition to that intensification of land use on the production unit, e. g. , by fertilizing or increased mowing intensity, also leads to a dramatic decrease of the species richness (Zechmeister et al. , 2003). The description of the degradation of semi-natural and agricultural landscapes shows clearly the interdependence of biodiversity and landscape heterogeneity, induced by closely interwoven ecological, demographical, socio-economic and cultural factors. For an effective conservation management of biodiversity and landscape eco-diversity, a clear understanding of the ecological and cultural processes and their perturbations is essential. Intermediate disturbance levels lead to a highly complex and diverse cultural landscape which can host many plant and animal species. Landscapes, with ‘eco-diversity hotspots’, can be regarded as hint for ‘biodiversity hotspots’. Landscape pattern indicators therefore play an important role for landscape conservation planning. The understanding of landscape processes is crucial for the conservation of both, landscape eco-diversity and biodiversity. Conclusions From a conservation biology point of view, the ongoing process of genetic erosion and biodiversity loss as well as the replacement of specific recognizable cultural landscapes by monotonous ubiquistic production sites will continue. The biophysical characteristics and natural constraints of the investigated landscapes are interwoven with the regional historic and socio-economical development. This interplay is the background for the development of a variety of cultural landscapes which have their own specific characteristics. Geo-ecological land-units provide one solution. This is of special importance when the relationship of landscape patterns and underlying processes is under investigation. Works Cited Alard, D. , Poudevigne, I. Factors controlling plant diversity in rural landscapes: a functional approach. Landscape and Urban Planning, 1999: 46, 29–39 Bell, S. , Landscape—Pattern, Perception and Process. E. &F. N. Spon, London, 1999 Forman, R. T. T. , & Godron, M. Landscape Ecology. Wiley, New York, 1986. Forman, R. T. T. , & Moore, P. N. Theoretical foundations for understanding boundaries in landscape mosaics. In: Hansen, F. J. , Castri, F. (Eds. ), Landscape Boundaries. Consequences for Biotic Diversity and Ecological Flows. Springer, New York, 1992, pp. 236–258. Forman, R. T. T. Horizontal processes, roads, suburbs, societal objectives in landscape ecology. In: Klopatek, M. , Gardner, R. H. (Eds. ), Landscape Ecological Analysis: Issues and Applications. Springer, New York, 1999, pp. 35–53. Haberl, H. , Wackernagel, M. , Krausmann, F. , Erb, K. -H. , Monfreda, C. Ecological footprints and human appropriation of net primary production: A comparison. Land Use Policy, doi:10. 1016/ j. landusepol. 2003. 10. 008. , 2004 Hietala-Koivu, R. Agricultural landscape change: a case study in Y lane, Southwest Finland. Landscape and Urban Planning , 1999: 46, 103–108. Luoto, M.. Modelling of rare plant species richness by landscape variables in an agriculture area in Finland. Plant Ecology , 2000: 149, 157–168. Mander, U. , Mikk, M. , Ku. lvik, M.. Ecological and low intensity agriculture as contributors to landscape and biological diversity. Landscape and Urban Planning , 1999: 46, 169–177.

Chinese character Essay

Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of others, but may also be autodidactic.[1] Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. There are three forms of learning. formal education, informal education and non-formal education. Systems of schooling involve institutionalized teaching and learning in relation to a curriculum, which itself is established according to a predetermined purpose of the schools in the system. Schools systems are sometimes also based on religions, giving them different curricula. In formal education, a curriculum is the set of courses and their content offered at a school or university. The term preschool refers to a school for children who are not old enough to attend kindergarten. It is a nursery school. Preschool education is important because it can give a child the edge in a competitive world and education climate. Public primary schools are divided into two categories based on the medium of instruction: †¢ Malay-medium National Schools (Sekolah Kebangsaan, SK) †¢ non-Malay-medium National-type Schools (Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan, SJK), also known as â€Å"vernacular schools†,[7] further divided into o National-type School (Chinese) (Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Cina), SJK(C)), Mandarin-medium and simplified Chinese writing o National-type School (Tamil) (Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Tamil), SJK (T)), Tamil-medium All schools admit students regardless of racial and language background. Malay and English are compulsory subjects in all schools. All schools use the same syllabus for non-language subjects regardless of the medium of instruction. The teaching of the Chinese language is compulsory in SJK(C), and Tamil language is compulsory in SJK(T). Additionally, a National School must provide the teaching of Chinese or Tamil language, as well as indigenous languages wherever practical, if the parents of at least 15 pupils in the school request that the particular language to be taught. High-speed rail is a type of rail transport that operates significantly faster than traditional rail traffic, using an integrated system of  specialized rolling stock and dedicated tracks. The first such system began operations in Japan in 1964 and was widely known as the bullet train. High-speed trains normally operate on standard gauge tracks of continuously welded rail on grade separated right-of-way that incorporates a large turning radius in its design.

Writer's choice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Writer's choice - Assignment Example accordance to this topic, the paper will examine the global influence of Bollywood: the Indian film industry and the role of music in Bollywood films. The research question posed in this paper is; what is the impact of music in Bollywood films in the global film landscape? Bollywood do not incorporate any western content as they provide an explicit reflection of the Indian culture. For decades, Bollywood films were of little interest to the world outside the Indian subcontinent. However, this has changed in recent years as it stands as a popular culture in the dance and music sense. The song and dances are parallel to the plot as they help progress the theme of the films. The paper will examine a variety of arguments provided by different scholars in the context of media globalization. The case can be analyzed from a number of frameworks. In understanding the reverse flow created by Bollywood films, it is imperative to consider Bollywood expansion strategy based on its domestic and international consideration. Bollywood has continued to maintain international influence regardless of the fact that most of its films are in the Indian language. . The musical aspect has proved to work as they help the viewer grasp the abstract ideas in an even way. For this reason, Bollywood has expanded overseas due to the great appeal generated by music. For decades, Bollywood films were of little interest to the world outside the Indian subcontinent. However, this has changed in recent years as it stands as a popular culture in the dance and music genre. The global reach is fuelled partly by the large audience fascinated by the unique integration of dance and music in films. Rai is an Indian scholar who has contributed immensely in the field of media globalization. He is renowned for his contribution in cultural studies of south Asia. Rai once served in the media advisory board of India. Additionally, the author has contributed immensely in a number of forums that sought to

Personal Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Personal Development - Essay Example The person interviewed was a middle-aged African American who was born in America. The interviewee shared his experience of life and how things going around him developed his personal characteristics. He confessed that he faced many problems in life because of his different ethnicity, culture and social values but all the challenges he faced developed him personally. The interviewee shared his views on socialization, interpersonal behavior and language and cognition. In addition to it, self and personality, family, gender and sexuality and illness and health helped him in developing good characteristics. The interviewee shared his childhood and adulthood moments and discussed the support he got from people and the difficulties he faced in his life. He mentioned that everything that occurred with him in his lifetime helped him as he took everything positively. He was determined that a positive attitude can change his life and he can come over with all his problems if he takes everythi ng that happens to him positively.

Domestic Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Domestic Violence - Essay Example Ironically, one in six women who experience abuse report that they were abused when they were pregnant. Pregnancy is believed to be â€Å"a common trigger of domestic violence† (BabyCenter, 2012). According to Gazmararian et al (2000), violence from an abusive partner during pregnancy is more common than pregnancy-induced hypertension, placenta previa, and gestational diabetes. The number of pregnant women subject to violence in the United States ranges from 156, 000 to 332, 000 annually (Gazmararian et al, 2000). Up to one fifth of deaths related to pregnancy have been found to result from murder (Horon & Cheng, 2001). Violence during pregnancy is a form of Intimate Partner Violence or IBV. The latter has been defined as either physical or sexual violence or violence threat, as well as emotional abuse (psychological abuse) or coercive behaviour when the physical or sexual behaviour between partners has already taken place (Bloom, Bullock, Sharps, Laughon, and Parker, 2010). I t has been observed that intimate partner violence consists of coercive and assaulting behaviours demonstrated by that partner who wants to control the other. In particular, these behaviours include inflicting physical injuries, abusing the partner emotionally and sexually, intimidation, isolation, stalking, deprivation, and threats (Family Violence Prevention Fund, 2004 in Bloom, Bullock, Sharps, Laughon, and Parker, 2010). Health consequences of violence during pregnancy affect both mothers and children (foetuses). One of the most dramatic outcomes is miscarriage. Miscarriages take away lives of mothers together with foetuses or just foetuses. Statistically, direct assaults increase the probability of lethal... This paper stresses that physical reactions in children that stem from constant stress include headaches, rashes, asthma, constipation, developmental delays, ulcers, problems of hearing and speech, and pain in the abdomen. Babies have been found to have attachment problems, while preschoolers are especially subject to worry, sleeping problems, and nightmares. Adolescents who grew up in abusive environments demonstrate increased violence. Their behavior gets aggressive and disruptive; girls become withdrawn, anxious, passive, and clinging. Children may also have impaired concentration and often demonstrate poorer academic skills. According to recent research, those children who grew in abusive homes are more likely to become alcoholics, drug abusers, and smokers. Besides, they are more prone to such diseases as skeletal fractures, ischemic heart disease, and cancer in adulthood. In terms of mental health, such children are likely to grow into adults subject to depression, with low-est eem, and anxiety disorders. This report mmakes a conclusion that nurses need to get actively involved into solving problems related to domestic violence both through prevention, treatment, and psychological support of victims. It is important to develop an adequate knowledge base of various aspects of domestic violence. Importantly, nurses should be able to proficiently identify and assess victims’ physical and mental conditions, and intervene through support, information sharing, and treatment.

Advertising Proposal for SONY Online Entertainment LLC Case Study

Advertising Proposal for SONY Online Entertainment LLC - Case Study Example Little of this consumer success radiates on SONY Online Entertainment (SOE) as yet, probably because it was established fairly recently as the online gaming firm of the SONY Corp. of America. Notwithstanding its distinguished corporate lineage, SOE is a fledgling company that needs to position its own brand, broaden its marketing base and overcome the heavy competition in online gaming through innovative thinking and ideas.FGH Associates, a full-service advertising agency, proposes to give SOE top-of-mind consumer recall and preference through a one-year advertising blitz that utilises every major medium - TV, radio, magazines, newspapers, cinema, video games, Internet, billboards - to deliver the message. The message: SOE is the online gaming firm for quality, innovation and delivery. This message will be delivered to the target market through meaningful advertising modules that exude warmth, energy and ingenuity. Advertising is meaningful if it is true-to-life and effective, warm i f gentle and sensitive, energetic if lively and appealing, ingenious if imaginative and silly but clever (McKay, 2005).In adopting an advertising strategy, positioning plays an important part. Positioning a product for a feasible market involves communication, which has become difficult in an "over-communicated" society (Goldman & Papson, 1994). There are just too many companies, too many products, and too much marketing noise such that in the US alone, per capita consumption in advertising is placed at $200 per year. In 2006, adspend worldwide was placed at $385 billion and is expected to reach $500 billion in 2010 (Chowdhury, 1994). Through all this noise, however, a firm can manage if it considers not only its own strengths and weaknesses but also those of its competitors. The easiest way to get into a person's mind is to relate to customers in a personal way (Desmond, 2003) and appeal to emotions in some ways (AllBusiness.com, 2008). This can only be done if the advertiser belie ves in his product. Even the most carefully thought out and highly creative ads would fail to connect if the product is not as good as advertised. The American Research Group (2007) sets 10 rules in making advertising more effective: 1. Tell a simple but good story instead of just purveying information. 2. Make the desired call to action an essential part of the story. 3. Use emotional appeal as basis. 4. Use easy and simple arguments. 5. Show instead of tell the message. 6. Use symbolic languages and images that relate to the senses, 7. Match what viewers see with what they hear. 8. Stay with a scene long enough for more impact. 9. Let a powerful video speak for itself. 10. Use identifiable music. When advertising takes these rules to heart and still fails to sway consumers, it may be worthwhile to follow

Week 5 Student Blog Post Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 5 Student Blog Post - Assignment Example Her neighbor represents the male gender and he is a popular football quarterback in the video (Taylor). According to the video, despite the girl being smart and talented, she has managed to acquire high academic achievements but not happy for her joy depends on earning the boy’s love. This is evident in the way she constantly tries to capture the boy’s attention but he does not seem to notice her. Just as Karloff said, cultural images enforce the notion that women depend on romance for happiness. In the minds of the youthful viewers, the will then learn from the video that the only way to be happy is to get involved in a heterosexual relationship (Boosalis, & Golombisky 25). This videos tends to bring out the perception than men are powerful and women whereas the female gender inferior. In addition, the cultural images of the video portray that women are subordinate to men in the society since Swift in the video relies on the relationship between her and the boy for happiness (Boosalis, & Golombisky 23). The consumers of these images who mostly may be adolescents and most especially girls need guidance and should be critical when deciding how they conduct their normal life experiences with cultural representation from the video images

Journal opinion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Journal opinion article - Essay Example The article is found in the Wall Street Journal of March 23, 2015. According to the former U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, â€Å"Efforts to strengthen regulatory oversight of financial institutions in the U.S. following the 2008 debacle should make future crises less likely to occur, or less severe if they do.† The main argument presented here is that the possibility of future crises cannot be ruled out. As such, mitigation measures like regulation of the financial sectors can help prevent the occurrence of a similar situation. Bernanke suggests that â€Å"Steps such as submitting large banks to Fed stress tests to assess risk should lessen the likelihood of another crisis or soften the broader economic impact should one occur† (Amy). Therefore, to a large extent, it is a noble idea to regulate the activities of the financial sector in order to ensure that a similar crisis does not occur in the future. Theoretically, regulation of the financial sector has its pros and cons. According to Harrison (208), borrowing from the banking system leads directly to an increase in interest rates and the Treasury Bills are likely to increase. This scenario has spiral effects on the performance of the economy. An increase in interest rates implies that the money supply will shrink resulting in less disposable income circulating among the people. Such conditions are likely to lead to the occurrence of financial crises and this is the reason why regulation of the financial sector is seen as a noble idea that can be implemented to reduce the chances of the same situation from happening again. However, regulation of the financial sector has got its own problems. A market economy should function freely and any form of regulation may gag the independence of the sector. Negative results are likely to be experienced and these may

New Management Team causes delay in HR and pressures current staff Essay

New Management Team causes delay in HR and pressures current staff - Essay Example This article is related to my issue because it highlights the variety of ways in which the insufficiency of human resources caused by downsizing affects an organization. Particularly, it emphasizes how such management strategies as downsizing or delayed recruitment disturb the employees psychologically, emotionally, and physically, and how the effects go beyond them to reach the customers also. In my case, the employees are the teachers and the customers are the students. Article 2: Summary (Cameron) conducted a research upon 30 organizations to study their downsizing strategies with a view to identifying successful downsizing strategies and the implications of downsizing upon the workers’ performance. Successful downsizing requires successful management of the system of human resource that includes such aspects as employee training, reward, and performance evaluation. HR assumes the responsibility to help make this system effective by avoiding the typical top-down approach th at considers workers as a liability for the organization. HR professionals assume the main role in successful downsizing. ... Poor decisions of the management with respect to recruitment can cost an organization a lot of direct and indirect cost. BHEL’s recruitment policies were found to be good and effective since the organization conducts recruitment through big selection boards. Delay in recruitment is one of the main areas of focus of my study. This reference is particularly useful when I am evaluating the best strategies of recruitment in my research while proposing that instead of delaying the recruitment and increasing the work burden for the teachers, the new management should design effective recruitment strategies to hire the best team of teachers to take the school to the next level. Article 4: Summary (Gabdolfi) conducted a research to identify the organizational, financial, and workforce related effects of downsizing. Downsizing affects the workers psychologically and emotionally and disrupts their relations with the family. Four lessons of downsizing are preparation, specific training, management of the survivor syndrome, and counting of the costs. This paper relates to my issue because along with identifying the ways in which the teachers come under increased load and pressure of work in the absence of more teachers that need to be recruited, Gabdolfi has also highlighted the implications for the new management and proposed four lessons of downsizing that help the management make informed decisions. Article 5: Summary (Dahar et al.) conducted a quantitative study to identify the effect of quality of teacher on the students’ achievement. They found that the quality of teachers did not significantly affect the level of achievement of the students in the schools with

Analysis of Video “The World is Flat” Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Video â€Å"The World is Flat† Essay Key issues or Problems in the video: The title The World is Flat was taken from a statement by Nandan Nilekani, the former Infosys (an Indian IT company) CEO. It seems like if hadnt met Nandan then he wouldnt have even written this book. He talks about Americans and the developing world but says almost nothing about Africa, Europe Australia. The World is flat applies better to people with similar kind of economic conditions. In developing world, a big portion of population is poor or much below poverty line as per American standard. Their first challenge is access to food and Education. How could they be part of level playing field and make this world flat. Friedman says first that Nineteenth century belonged to English, Twentieth Century to USA and Twenty first Century to China. Friedman argues that latest age of globalization will be spearheaded by Individuals. He just made this assumption after meeting the cab driver in Budapest Peruvian Dishware seller who have their own websites. The percentage of people doing their own business like this is still extremely low to claim that the era belongs to them. It feels like an exaggeration. Its conflicting that on one hand, he says 21st century belongs to China and on the other hand, he says latest age of globalization (which is now) will be spearheaded by Individuals. I can’t accept his methods and question his research and interview process. Friedman is stating something without actually based on real documented facts, but on talks with friends and CEOs he visits. By what it leaves out, it does nothing more than misinform the people around the World. In the end, he talks about Green New Clean energy which kind of feel out of context from the main topic. Critique of video, Supporting arguments, rebuttals of ideas: I think there is a lot to criticize about the Video â€Å"The World is Flat†. Friedmans view of the globalized world is often obsessed with the successful multinational corporations of India. In the video he talks about individuals or â€Å"free agents†, but being a free agent is riskier. Free agents will not have fixed salary and health care benefits (Source: Brown, C.V.). If there is a free agent in India, he can’t work for American company without Social Security Number for Tax purposes. 90% of the worlds telephone calls, Internet traffic, and investments are local, suggesting that this Video has overstated the trends. His talk of a new flat world  where information, money, ideas, and people can move worldwide faster than before is unreal, we just see a fraction of what he describes globalization (Refer Source:wiki). Globalization causes unemployment here in America. It is shipping jobs outside America where its easy to find cheap labor. The winners will be capitalists worldwide causing income inequality everywhere. This would imply that Globalization will make the world NON-Flat instead. He talks about mashing the two specializations together which doesn’t always give the better result. Actions I would take next and why or personal experience dealing with the issues: The video presents more of an American perspective. Friedmans work history has been mostly with The NY Times, and has definitely affected the way due to which he thinks this way. I would have liked his ideas in a more inclusive voice to show the whole World’s perspective. I would encourage fair trade instead of free trade. If we put his claims to test against documented facts. It will not pass. I would have liked more research and references. World will be actually a level playing field when everybody will have a fair opportunity to Education Resource of Technology. If I make a website and start selling say â€Å"Baseball bats†. First of all, there will be a Brand position issue that is why would people come to me instead of going to Store like â€Å"Sports Authority† or so where they can try and test things before buying. Secondly, In real world, its hard to be an Individual and manage the whole thing like getting the stuff made in foreign countries, handle the custom portion, get it shipped etc. on your own. Sources: (2014, May 9). The World is Flat. Retrieved Jun 7, 2011 from Wiki: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Is_Flat Brown, C.V., Dehayes, D.W., Hoffer, J.A., Martin, E.W., Perkins, W.C. (2012). Managing information technology (7th ed.): Managing IT in a digital world. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Effectiveness of Ivy Gourd Leaves Powder on Blood Glucose

Effectiveness of Ivy Gourd Leaves Powder on Blood Glucose CHAPTER-V DISCUSSION, SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS, LIMITATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter deals with discussion, summary, and conclusion drawn. It also clarifies the limitation of the study, the implications and recommendations given for different areas of nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. DISCUSSION Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both (WHO). Diabetes has emerged as a major healthcare problem in India. It is estimated that 40 million persons with diabetes in India in 2007 and this number is predicted to rise to almost 70 million people by 2025. It is estimated that every fifth person with diabetes will be an Indian. The real burden of the disease is however due to its associated complications which lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have produced advancement on the social and economic front in developing countries such as India which have resulted in dramatic lifestyle changes leading to lifestyle related diseases. This transition from a traditional to modern lifestyle, consumption of diets rich in fat and calories combined with a high level of mental stress has compounded the problem further.( International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2007) The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of Ivy gourd leaves powder administration in reduction of blood glucose level among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The data collected for the study were analysed statistically and discussed below based on the objectives. The sample size was 80. 1. Demographic variables of subjects on blood glucose level among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients The distribution of demographic variables of 80 subjects are as follows, majority 43(53.75per cent) are in the age group between 46 to 55 years, regarding sex majority 47 (58.75per cent) were to male, regarding religion 68(85per cent) believing in Hinduism, regarding educational status 53(66.25per cent) most of them are secondary and above qualified ,regarding occupation 47(58.75per cent) most of them are employed, and regarding family monthly income 41(51.25per cent) of them has an income between Rs.6501 and 7500 ,and related to marital status 75(93.75per cent)are married, related to type of family 53(66.25per cent) are living in nuclear family, regarding dietary pattern 76(95per cent) of them are non-vegetarian, related to un healthy practices of client 21(26.25per cent) of them has the bad habits of smoking, related to healthy life style practices 74(92.5per cent) had not following any healthy life style practices, regarding BMI 35(43.75per cent) of them are having BMI more than 2 7 related to family history 70(87.5per cent)of them had no significant family history and related to number of hospitalization due to illness 73(91.25per cent) has no history of hospitalization 2. The first objective of the study was to assess the pretest and post test blood glucose level among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients The findings of the present study revealed that most of the 80 subjects pretest fasting blood glucose level was above 151 mg/dl for 34(42.5 per cent). The pretest post prandial blood glucose level for 34(42.5 per cent) was upto170 mg/dl. On the 14th day post test fasting blood glucose value analysis shows that 42(52.5per cent) subjects has a blood glucose level upto 130. The post prandial blood glucose level for 69(83.75per cent) are in the range upto 170 mg/dl. On the 28th day post test fasting blood glucose level analysis shows that 67(83.75per cent) has a blood glucose level upto 130 mg/dl. The post prandial blood glucose level for 77(96.25 per cent) subjects was upto 170mg/dl. 3. The second objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of Ivy gourd leaves powder administration on blood glucose level Dr. Julian Whitaker (2011) conducted a study on effectiveness of Ivy gourd in reduction of blood glucose at Rajasthan the results showed that in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects (not taking any medications for glucose control) received either 1,000 mg of Ivy gourd extract, or a placebo. Those taking Ivy gourd extract experienced better blood sugar control, with a 15.6 per cent decrease in fasting blood glucose level. Mean score of pretest fasting blood glucose level is 145.5 and mean score of pretest post prandial blood glucose level was 177.5. Mean score of 14th day post test fasting blood glucose level was 131.13 and mean 14th day post test post prandial blood glucose level was 157.88. Mean score of 28th day post test post prandial blood glucose level was 119.4 and post prandial blood glucose level was 144.11. The comparison of pretest fasting and 14th day post test fasting blood glucose level, the computed value of ‘t’ is 16.282 is significant at The comparison of pretest fasting and 28th day post test fasting blood glucose level, the computed value of ‘t’ is 20.794 is significant at The comparison of pretest post prandial and 14th day post test post prandial blood glucose level, the computed value of ‘t’ is 21.912 is significant at The comparison of pretest post prandial and 28th day post test post prandial blood glucose level, the computed value of ‘t’ is 28.183 is significant at The comparison of 14th day fasting and 28th day post test fasting blood glucose level, the computed value of ‘t’ is 11.961 is significant at The comparison of 14th day post prandial and 28th day post test post prandial blood glucose level, the computed value of ‘t’ is 11.961 is significant at The data shows that there is a significant reduction of blood glucose level after the administration of Ivy gourd leaves powder. The longer the period of administration of Ivy gourd shows more significant effectiveness in reduction of blood glucose level. Thus it reveals that the 28th day of administration of Ivy gourd is more significantly effective than the 14th day of administration of Ivy gourd leaves powder. 3.The third objective of the study was to associate the demographic variables with post test blood glucose level . Cruickshank (2007) stated that the global prevalence of diabetes for all age group is estimated to be 2.8%. Type-2 diabetes accounts for at least 90% of all diabetes worldwide. Diabetes incidence, prevalence and progression various by ethnic group. This review highlights unique aspects of risk of developing diabetes its overwhelming vascular complications and their management mainly using data among south-Asians and African-Caribbean’ in the United Kingdom data. It also concluded that although the origin of the ethnic difference in incidence need further clarification, many factors should be amenable to prevention and treatment in all ethnic groups worldwide. The chi-square was used to associate the level of post test blood glucose level with age, occupation, income, dietary pattern, family history of diabetes mellitus, life style practice, and BMI. There is no association between 28th day post test fasting and post prandial blood glucose level with selected demographic variables. Summary The study is conducted to determine the effectiveness of Ivy gourd (coccinia indicia) leaves powder administration on blood glucose level among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in selected areas of coimbatore. The objectives of the study were To assess the pretest and post test blood glucose level among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. To determine the effectiveness of Ivy gourd leaves powder administration in reduction of blood glucose level. To associate the selected demographic variables with post test blood glucose level. The study tested the following hypothesis There is a significant reduction in the blood glucose level of the type 2 diabetes mellitus after the administration of Ivy gourd leaves powder. The conceptual frame work adopted was Mr.Ludwig Von Bertalanff ‘General system theory (1968). The research design using for the study was quasi experimental, one group pretest post test only design. A house to house survey was done for selecting the sample. The sample size consisting of 80. The tool used for data collection consists of demographic variables test for clinical variables, test for clinical variables. The data collected for a period of 6 weeks. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used in statistical analysis Paired ‘t’ test used to determine the effectiveness of Ivy gourd leaves powder administration in blood glucose level .The study tested and accepted the hypothesis that there is a significant reduction in the blood glucose level. Major findings of the study In this study among 80 subjects, majority 43(53.75per cent) are in the age group between 46to 55 years, regarding sex majority 47 (58.75per cent) belongs to male, regarding religion 68(85per cent) believing in Hinduism, regarding educational status 53(66.25per cent) most of them are secondary and above qualified ,regarding occupation 47(58.75per cent) most of them are employed, and regarding family monthly income 41(51.25per cent) of them has an income between Rs.6501 and 7500 ,and related to marital status 75(93.75per cent)are married, related to type of family 53(66.25per cent) are living in nuclear family, regarding dietary pattern 76(95per cent) of them are non-vegetarian, related to un healthy practices of client 21(26.25per cent) of them has the bad habits of smoking, related to healthy life style practices 74(92.5per cent) had not following any healthy life style practices, regarding BMI 35(43.75per cent) of them are having BMI more than 27 related to family history 70(87.5per cent)of them had no significant family history and related to number of hospitalization due to illness 73(91.25per cent) has no history of hospitalization In this study fasting blood glucose level upto130mg/dl for 14 (17.5per cent) subjects, 131-150mg/dl for 32(40per cent) and remaining 34(42.5per cent) are in the range of Above 151 mg/dl. The pretest post prandial blood glucose level Upto170mg/dl for 34 (42.5 per cent) subjects, 171-185mg/dl for 21(26.25per cent) subjects and remaining 25(31.25per cent) are in the range Above 186. In this study the 14th day post test fasting blood glucose level upto130 mg/dl for 42 (52.5 per cent) subjects, 131-150 mg/dl for 31 (38.75per cent) and remaining 7 (8.75 per cent) are in the range of Above 151 mg/dl. The 14th day post test post prandial blood glucose level upto170 mg/dl for 69 (86.25 per cent) subjects, 171-185 mg/dl for 21 (26.25 per cent) subjects. The 28th day post test fasting blood glucose level upto130 mg/dl for 67 (83.75 per cent) subjects and 131-150 mg/dl for 13 (16.25 per cent) and the 28th day post test post prandial blood glucose level upto170 mg/dl for 77 (96.25 per cent) subjects and 171-185mg/dl for 3 (3.75 per cent) subjects. In this study there was a significant difference between the pretest and post test blood glucose level. Mean score of pretest fasting blood glucose level is 145.5and 14th day post test fasting blood glucose level is 131.13. Mean score of pretest post prandial blood glucose level was 177.5 and 14thday post test post prandial blood glucose level is 157.8, and compared with paired ‘t’ test it shows that it was statistically significant. Mean score of pretest fasting blood glucose level is 145.5 and mean score of pretest post prandial blood glucose level was 177.5. Mean score of 14th day post test fasting blood glucose level was 131.13 and mean 14th day post test post prandial blood glucose level was 157.88. Mean score of 28th day post test post prandial blood glucose level was 119.4 and post prandial blood glucose level was 144.11. The comparison of pretest fasting and 14th day post test fasting blood glucose level, the computed value of ‘t’ is 16.282 is significant at The comparison of pretest fasting and 28th day post test fasting blood glucose level, the computed value of ‘t’ is 20.794 is significant at The comparison of pretest post prandial and 14th day post test post prandial blood glucose level, the computed value of ‘t’ is 21.912 is significant at The comparison of pretest post prandial and 28th day post test post prandial blood glucose level, the computed value of ‘t’ is 28.183 is significant at The comparison of 14th day fasting and 28th day post test fasting blood glucose level, the computed value of ‘t’ is 11.961 is significant at The comparison of 14th day post prandial and 28th day post test post prandial blood glucose level, the computed value of ‘t’ is 11.961 is significant at There is no association between 28th day post test fasting and post prandial blood glucose level with selected demographic variables Conclusion Consuming Ivy gourd leaves powder is an effective, feasible, low cost method to decrease the blood glucose level. It can be used as a home remedy for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus. The findings of the study are consistent with the literature and have support from the studies conducted in India and in the world. Based on the method of sample selection and support from many studies conducted throughout the world, the findings may be generalized to individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study findings provides the statistical evidence which clearly indicates that Ivy gourd is one of the best therapy to lower blood glucose level. Implications Nursing is a dynamic process, which involves quality based practice, scientific body of knowledge and dissemination of research knowledge into practice. Nurses can incorporate the Ivy gourd as one of the excellent herbal therapy for effective management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. The present study findings have several implications in Nursing practice, Nursing Education, Nursing Research and Nursing Administration. Nursing practice : The nurses working in the community setting should practice the use of low cost, effective, acceptant therapy as an integral part of their profession. The present study showed that most of the patient with type 2 diabetes had high high blood glucose level. Nurses should initiative in introducing the practice of low cost preparation of Ivy gourd powder in the community setting. The proper dissemination of low cost, effective, acceptant therapy is essential. The nurses should place the health in hands of people especially the adults. Nursing education The nursing education can provide education to the nursing personnel to update their knowledge on the alternative methods of treatment like Ivy gourd leaves powder and its valuable benefits to the patients. The nurse educator can create awareness about the therapeutic benefit of Ivy gourd leaves powder. The nurse educator may include Ivy gourd leaves powder as a means of herbal therapy in the curriculum, its effect in health and wellness which can be adopted by the students and the nursing personnel too. Nursing administration Leaders in nursing practice should take active part in recommending the low cost herbal remedies and illuminate the effectiveness of it to the policy makers to introduce in the community at large scale. The nurse administrators have to undertake the health needs of the most vulnerable by effective organization and management. Nursing research Study will serve as a valuable reference and pathway for further researchers. The findings of the study would help to expand the scientific body of professional knowledge from which further researcher can be conducted. Administration of Ivy gourd leaves powder may be studied more significantly and used as specific nursing intervention. Limitations The intervention was given only for 28 days. In present study control group was not included. Persons who had diabetes for more than 6 months were excluded. Higher blood glucose levels were not included. Recommendations A similar study can be replicated with control group and experimental group A similar study can be conducted with different dose and different way of supplement to reduce the blood glucose level A study can be conducted with large number of samples. Long term effect of Ivy gourd leaves powder can be done by administering for a long period and compare with Hba1c levels A comparative study can be done with peoples of different blood glucose level.

William Faulkner’s Barn Burning: Abner Snopes Character Analysis Essay

William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"Barn Burning† describes a typical relationship between wealthy people and poor people during the Civil War. The main character, Abner Snopes, sharecrops to make a living for his family. He despises wealthy people. Out of resentment for wealthy people, he burns their barns to get revenge. Abner’s character over the course of the story is unchanging in that he is cold hearted, lawless, and violent. First, Abner’s unchanging character shows his cold heartedness. After being sentenced to leave the country for burning a man’s barn, he shows no emotions to his family. During the story, there was not a time when he apologized or offered a word of encouragement to them. His tone of voice when talking to them is bitter and bossy, and he never said thank you. Later in the story after they had arrived at their next house, he orders his wife, her sister and his two daughters to unload the wagon. He walks with his son to DeSpain’s house where he entered without given permission, and proceeded to wipe his feet that was covered with horse manure, thus staining the rug. â€Å"Abner moves through life with no regard for his fellow humans and with no respect for their right to material possessions† (731). After being told to clean the rug, Abner took a rock and further ruined it. His coldness is shown when he demands his two daughters to clean the rug in pots of lye and then hanging it to dry. Later in the evening Abner calls his son to get to retur...

health care disparities :: essays research papers

An informal network of providers allows access to a limited number of free or low-cost drugs, mammography, treatment and other services. This network includes volunteer physicians on both sides of the border, the local federally funded community health center, the local Catholic hospital on the US side, the Shriner’s Hospital in Phoenix, hospitals in Tucson, the Mexican public social security hospital in Sonora, and the Santa Cruz County health department. The promotoras support the Santa Cruz County health department, doing home visits and translation on its behalf. When the county identifies diabetics, follow-up management is often handled by the promotoras. The promotoras have also been involved in a number of community issues. When the controversial replacement of a local well was proposed, promotoras and Institute-organized volunteers headed the county steering committee and organized door-to-door activities to advertise public meetings on the issue. Given their cross-border environment, the Institute has also fostered close working relationships with Mexican consular officials and municipal officials in Nogales, Sonora. The Institute has assisted Plan Retornowith donated supplies and health education. Plan Retorno helps deported individuals who have been dropped off in Nogales, Sonora far from their towns and villages of origin. The Way of the Heart model is different from what is more commonly seen in other promotora initiatives: It is a freestanding entity that has built a set of collaborative relationships with clinical providers and social agencies. Most other promotora projects appear to be sponsored by existing clinics and hospitals that use them to augment their outreach and patient management efforts. Staff Recruitment, Training and Retention Promotoras are recruited mainly through word of mouth, postings in community agencies and sometimes through newspaper ads. In the future, promotoras may be recruited from the teen promotora program that has developed out of the Institute’s peer counseling work. The program explicitly seeks promotoras who reflect the culture, economics and demographics of the Nogales community. Persistence and resilience in navigating systems are the most sought after attributes. health care disparities :: essays research papers An informal network of providers allows access to a limited number of free or low-cost drugs, mammography, treatment and other services. This network includes volunteer physicians on both sides of the border, the local federally funded community health center, the local Catholic hospital on the US side, the Shriner’s Hospital in Phoenix, hospitals in Tucson, the Mexican public social security hospital in Sonora, and the Santa Cruz County health department. The promotoras support the Santa Cruz County health department, doing home visits and translation on its behalf. When the county identifies diabetics, follow-up management is often handled by the promotoras. The promotoras have also been involved in a number of community issues. When the controversial replacement of a local well was proposed, promotoras and Institute-organized volunteers headed the county steering committee and organized door-to-door activities to advertise public meetings on the issue. Given their cross-border environment, the Institute has also fostered close working relationships with Mexican consular officials and municipal officials in Nogales, Sonora. The Institute has assisted Plan Retornowith donated supplies and health education. Plan Retorno helps deported individuals who have been dropped off in Nogales, Sonora far from their towns and villages of origin. The Way of the Heart model is different from what is more commonly seen in other promotora initiatives: It is a freestanding entity that has built a set of collaborative relationships with clinical providers and social agencies. Most other promotora projects appear to be sponsored by existing clinics and hospitals that use them to augment their outreach and patient management efforts. Staff Recruitment, Training and Retention Promotoras are recruited mainly through word of mouth, postings in community agencies and sometimes through newspaper ads. In the future, promotoras may be recruited from the teen promotora program that has developed out of the Institute’s peer counseling work. The program explicitly seeks promotoras who reflect the culture, economics and demographics of the Nogales community. Persistence and resilience in navigating systems are the most sought after attributes.

Plane Crash :: essays research papers

I woke up with a loud scream which took over the silence that filled my room. My mom came running to my room just to check on me. It was a very unusual dream and I couldn’t remember anything of it. At that moment it seemed as if it was reality and I hated that awkward feeling that I kept getting. The shirt that I was wearing was stuck to my body and my face had turned all red. I got up to wash up telling my mom that I would be ok. As I opened the door to my room I could smell something burning, and it seemed like my mom had forgotten the brownies in the oven. It was very unusual of her to do such a thing because she was always precautious with everything she did, and she would be extra careful today because her sister was coming after not seeing her for 3 years. This day had started off very badly and I didn’t like where it was heading. My mom ran down stairs, and I so did I so that I could be some kind of help for her. I had forgotten to wear the gloves and as I opened the oven I burnt my hand, and a lot of smoke came out of the oven. Instead of being any kind of help I was being much more trouble for my mom because she had to run off and get me medicine for my fingers. Now I would be unable to help my mom with anything for I was disabled, all I could do was open the windows of the kitchen so that the smoke would go away. The smoke that came out of the oven filled the kitchen and it smelled horrible, we had to wait for half an hour until some of the smoke had gone away. I tried helping my mom with some of the cooking but I really couldn’t do much. As I stood in the kitchen watching my mom preparing dinner, I got flashbacks of the dream that I had. I tried not thinking about it but it kept coming over and over. I thought of how the smoke came out of the oven, did all this mean anything? I began to get very wo rried and I really couldn’t do anything about it, all I could do was pray and hope that nothing would happen.

Ethics and “A Few Good Men” Essay

The movie is about two marines indicted for the murder of a fellow marine in their platoon. Private First Class (PFC) William Santiago died because of lactic acidosis triggered by the assault inflicted by Lance Corporal Harold Dawson and Private Lowden Downey. This assault was the result of a direct order by the platoon commander Lieutenant Kendrick. The order was to train Santiago to respect the Code of the Marines and the chain of command. Private Santiago had broken this chain and written directly to the NIS asking for a transfer, in exchange for offering information about an illegal fence-line shooting. When Colonel Nathan Jessep, commander of the marines stationed in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, learned of this letter, he ordered the â€Å"training† of Private Santiago. In Guantanamo Bay, this â€Å"training† was referred to as â€Å"Code Red†, which was defined as the discipline of marines within the unit, by the unit, without involving the proper authorities – navy Jag Corp. When the navy learned of Private Santiago?s death, Dawson and Downey were placed under arrest, and moved to Washington DC to be court-martialed. After a thorough litigation by defense attorney, Lt. Danial Kaffee, the court found Colonel Jessep and Lt. Kendrik guilty of the murder of PFC Santiago because they ordered the ?Code Red?. Dawson and Downey were cleared of charges of murder and conspiracy to commit murder, but were found guilty of conduct unbecoming a marine, and were discharged from the Marine Corp. 6. Normative Ethical Question: Did Dawson and Downey do the right thing by following the order? Dawson and Downey’s actions were in strict accordance with the orders given to them by their platoon commander, and were thus justified. The Marines believe, â€Å"You follow orders or people die.† This was primarily applicable during wartime when questioning an order can cause the lives of the marine and his fellow soldiers. Although reserved for wartime, the marines in their day-to-day military life practice this belief. So when time comes for the marines to go to war, the thought of questioning an order never crosses their mind regardless of the severity of the order. Following  orders given by a superior officer is a part of the marine discipline, and breaking this discipline is not tolerated in armed forces. The order given to Dawson and Downey was to â€Å"train† PFC Santiago. Santiago’s aggravated heart condition was the primary reason of his death, and Dawson and Downey having followed their order were unfortunate to find Santiago dead in the ‘training’ process. Had Santiago been physically fit, he would have in all likelihood, survived the ‘training.’ However on the charge of becoming a united states marine they were found guilty as charged. The reasoning for this is as follows: Dawson and Downey should have ignored the â€Å"Code Red† ordered by Colonel Jessup, and should have reported him to the proper authorities at the navy Jag Corp. The â€Å"training† also known as the â€Å"Code Red† was known to have harmful consequences. There were two examples of the severity of the â€Å"Code Red† shown in the movie: The first example was that of Private Bell, a soldier, getting nothing but water for a period of one week to keep him alive. The second example involved a soldier been given a â€Å"Code Red† for dropping a gun during a training exercise. His punishment was to put glue on his hands, and have his arm punched for about twenty minutes. Evidently, a â€Å"Code Red† in military parlance meant punishment in its higher degree. PFC Santiago was known to be a weak person. Dawson and Downey ignoring the fact that PFC Santiago’s condition was deteriorating still followed Col. Jessup’s order for â€Å"Code Red† on Santiago. They should have been aware of the fact that â€Å"Code Red† would cause irreparable damage to PFC Santiago’s health; on humanitarian grounds, Dawson and Downey should have contacted the proper authorities at the navy Jag Corp for a fair assessment of the order. Looking at it from a different perspective, Dawson and Downey would have been morally right to have neglected the order given to them by their superior. However, they were bound to their duty; overriding their commanding officer’s orders would have placed their career at stake. This case involves an ethical dilemma for the following reasons: 1. A murder has been committed. It is not acceptable to take a human life merely because this individual doesn’t get along with the rest of the company. 2. The investigation of the murder is hindered. It is not acceptable to lie about the cause of death in an effort to preserve public relations or personal esteem. 3. Cadets and officers lie under oath in court. It is unacceptable to lie in court. The military has determined that it is essential this case be investigated and prosecuted to the full extent of the law. A sub-group in the military can’t make its own rules of military morality. PFC Santiago is treated as a means rather than being treated as an end. The murder was immoral in every sense and those causing the murder should be punished to the fullest extent of the law. We further stipulate that it is unacceptable for a coverup of the murder. Colonel Nathan Jessup defends the practice of lying under an area of lying covered by Plato. Plato gave support for some lies when he said: â€Å"It is the business of the rulers of the city, if it is anybody’s, to tell lies, deceiving both its enemies and its own citizens for the benefit of the city; and no one else must touch this privilege.†(1) If using the Plato type justification for the coverup, Jessup and those around him have a deluded sense of their place in national security. Their actions are not for the preservation of military. Their actions and lies are for preservation of their own positions†¦ The responsibility of the commander to make sure his marines are prepared for any sort of danger from the enemy. Colonel Nathan Jessup claims that code  red as a method of training for soldiers was the American way. He defends the practice as that which is indispensable to defend the country. This reminds me of Plato?s conception of warriors where there is no place for the weak or sick people. The only difference between these two cases is that Plato would have not hesitated to propose euthanasia for such unproductive warriors. Colonel Jessup on the other hand proposed to train them by using force if necessary. . However, he uses intense form of punishment for the tiniest mistakes and flaws. So he cannot be justify such a punishment in the name of national security. But in today?s world such practices are detested and are against humanitarian grounds and any form of justification for their practice is barbaric. Nathan Jessup (Jack Nicholson) is a military officer who has covered up a murder. When he is in court on the witness stand, Nicholson, yells, â€Å"You want to know the truth? You want to know the truth? Well, you can’t handle the truth.† Nicholson’s testimony is that some military crimes must be covert for national security purposes. He implies that it is acceptable to murder one cadet who isn’t going along with the rest of the company. He states it is acceptable for him to lie about the incident under oath to protect the company involved as well as the military overall. Kant declares: â€Å"A lie is a lie†¦whether it be told with good or bad intent†¦But if a lie does no harm to anyone and no one’s interests are affected by it, is it a lie? Certainly.†(2) Kant believes truthfulness is a duty, an â€Å"unconditional duty which holds in all circumstances.†(3) According to the categorical imperative, if there is even one case in which it is acceptable to lie and honesty can be overridden, then the perfect† status of the duty not to lie is compromised. Kant is most strident in not allowing for even a seemingly innocent lie, which could save a life instead of causing harm. He merely asserts that if something terrible happens it is not your fault. The terrible act is something wholly unjustified in the first place.(4) Duty is often represented by Kant and his deontological views on lying. Kant tells us that it is never acceptable to lie, and places this on the level of  a moral law, or a â€Å"categorical imperative.† He contends that lies always harm others–the individual or society. â€Å"To be truthful (honest) in all declarations, therefore, is a sacred and absolutely commanding decree of reason, limited by no expediency.†(5) Utilitarian Jeremy Bentham also would not allow for the Jessup defense of the coverup. Bentham delivered a frothy lecture to England’s judges who were using their power and lying to the people. Bentham sees nothing more abhorrent than using lies and power to further one’s position†¦.(6) The justification for the behaviors is weak, with hundreds of years of morality, ethics, and laws written in opposition to Jessup’s rationale. In the particular case of PFC Santiago, Colonel jessup seems to be aggravated by his appeal to the NIS and his breach of confidentiality of his unit. This brings us to the another moral debate. Was Santiago right in his decision to give false information of an illegal fence line shooting? We can make two speculations here. Either Santiago lied about the fence line shooting in a desperate attempt to get noticed by the authorities which could get him transferred for the information or he was mistaken about the shooting. This is to say that he did not realized that the mirror had engaged to fire first and Dawsen just retaliated in defence. Santiago can easily be forgiven for the latter. However, in the former case, normatively he should not have done what he did. But that was the only practical thing he could do. Even though we can easily blame Santiago for lying, we should praise his attempt to break away from the blind acceptance of the principles which ruled the lives of other marines. Even though Santtiago was physically weaker than the rest of the Platoon he had the mental capacity to fight against the odds of the absurd life in which he was trying to survive. This reminds me of the mahabharatta where Lord Krishna taught the Pandavas that it is good to lie got the fight for the Good. (I know that Kant would not agree with me) In A Few Good Men the debate is one of to whom is the ultimate duty owed and  where does ‘the law’ fit into the equation? The soldiers facing court martial display their ultimate affiliation firmly?first and foremost their duty is to their marine corps; god and country are secondary to the bond between their comrades and this is the fulcrum of the film: are orders to be obeyed at all costs and where does the buck stop? Professor Alfonso Gomez-Lobo quotes â€Å"Neither can military ethics properly exist without the concept of ordering. By ordering, I do not mean telling subordinates what to do. I refer, instead, to moral structuring and ethical priorities.† In the movie â€Å"A Few Good Men†, a Marine lance corporal tells his lawyers that the â€Å"code† is based upon â€Å"unit, corps, God, country.† He has it, of course, all wrong. In fact, many illegal activities or stupid mistakes in the military services are the result of leaders’ failures to order wisely and well. The duty of a marine to follow the orders of a superior officer. The word duty here needs to be explained. It is the duty of the marine to fallow the orders of his superior officer if they are justified or legal. In Cuba however, disobeying an order implies to commit a crime. But since Code red is a practice discouraged by law, it is the duty of the marine to disobey such an order. An officer is always human and to equate him to be the ultimate legal authority is to make him invincible. It is this act of deception and blind faith that lets the powerful exploit. When an institution demands complete faith in its principles, the individuals within the institution are dependent on it, strive to maintain it and become incapable of independent thinking. At times like these the ethical question crops us: which is more important? guiding principles of life or humans, code of honour or PFC Santiago. As for the Platoons annoyance on Santiago’s betrayal for the unit and selfishness, I don’t think it is valid. It would have been a different case had there been some compassion for Santiago within his Unit. His friends beat him up as a part of following orders, to keep up their jobs. From this perspective, they too are selfish. The only difference is that Santiago is  towards the receiving end of brutalities, and it is convenient for the rest of the Platoon who were comparably stronger to talk about the loyalty within the unit. Interestingly, Lieutenant Kendrick too believe in the ‘proper authority of God or his commanding officer Colonel Nathan R Jessup’ Here we see that blind faith is associated with both God and the Colonel Moreover, the Colonel starts associating himself with God who protects and punishes others and expects the respect of all. He thinks that he is the personification of certain unquestionable principles. That the colonel lives by the rules and notions of the Marine Corps and doesn’t fully comprehend the world outside. Both Dawson and Kaffee are good at what they do. That?s all they have in common. The contrast between the disciplined Dawson and the flippant Kaffee can be traced to their system of beliefs and their environment. Dawson mentions that he joined the navy so that he could live by a code. He believes that he did his duty and did it well and was even ready to face its consequences, but not plead guilty. Here we see the romanticized version of the code of honor. He failed to realize that the real strength of character lies in his discretion to protect the weak and not train him to protect himself. He lives in the misconceptions where certain principles appear Dawson is like a person who wants to be religious and associates himself with religious practices {no matter what they are} which gives him a sense of satisfaction. Kaffee on the other hand has no delusions about the law. His only criterion is to solve his case as soon as possible with the best interest of his client at heart. He believes that a case is not won by the law but the lawyer. He seems to have lost his faith in all legal ethics due to the way  law is practiced around him and he seems to be a part of the system too. Or in the least he has least to live with it. Daniel Kaffee is a smart, flippant, good-looking young Navy lawyer. in his late 20’s, 15 months out of Harvard Law School, and a brilliant legal mind waiting for a courageous spirit to drive it. He is, at this point in his life, passionate about nothing †¦ except maybe softball. His father was a renowned jurist, and Dan feels the burden of his father’s reputation. Indeed, his casual, tongue-in-cheek attitude to the law is his way of avoiding comparison with his father. You can’t fail if you don’t even try. However, he lived in the shadows of his father having no misconceptions regarding different facets of law. He does not believe in a romanticized version of his profession. He did not believe his case to be a winner and first attempts to find an easy way out. Even though he sympathized with the state of his clients who were forced to carry out their orders, were blinded by the belief in false practices like ?Code Red?, he understood the politics associated with the case. His frustration is revealed when he emphasizes that ‘I think you will lose’ and ‘ it does not matter what I believe, it only matters what I can prove..’ Despite these flaws he proves to be an excellent lawyer. This is because unlike the marines. He has learnt to question authority. He has not been conditioned by blind principles. the lawyer defending the two marines in A Few Good Men has to consider whether he should go beyond the legal and ethical codes under which he is bound and accuse a witness on the stand of committing a crime for which the two marines are accused. He of course does and justice is done. In conclusion, it is evident that Dawson and Downey performed their duty as was expected of them. On ethical grounds, they would have been better off notifying the appropriate authorities of the nature of the order and the circumstances in which the order was to be executed. However, as fellow  marines under a commanding officer, they were compelled to follow orders without looking into the ethical or moral aspects of their actions. A marine?s discipline is taken very seriously by his commanding officers; however, this does not imply that discipline takes priority over the mental and physical health of a marine. Santiago?s heart condition was no secret. Despite this fact, he was given the ‘Code Red’ knowing fully well that he may not be able to take the pressure ? definitely, an unethical decision on the part of the authorities concerned.

What happened to the Mt Helen?

Mount St. Helens, located in southwestern Washington about 50 miles northeast of Portland, Oregon, is one of many volcanic peaks that dominate the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest; the range extends from Mount Garibaldi in British Columbia, Canada, to Lassen Peak in northern California. Geologists call Mount St. Helens a composite volcano (or stratovolcano), a term for steep sided, often symmetrical cones constructed of alternating layers of lava flows, ash, and other volcanic debris. Composite volcanoes tend to erupt explosively and pose considerable danger to nearby life and property. In contrast, the gently sloping shield volcanoes, such as those in Hawaii, typically erupt nonexplosively, producing fluid lavas that can flow great distances from the active vents. Although Hawaiian-type eruptions may destroy property, they rarely cause death or injury. Before 1980, snow-capped, gracefully symmetrical Mount St. Helens was known as the â€Å"Fujiyama of America.† Mount St. Helens, other active Cascade volcanoes, and those of Alaska form the North American segment of the circum-Pacific â€Å"Ring of Fire,† a notorious zone that produces frequent, often destructive, earthquake and volcanic activity. (1) Basic Data Location: South central Washington State (Cowlitz County). Latitude: 46 °20†² N Longitude: 122 °18†² W. Type:Stratovolcano Size comparison: Mt. St. Helens is the smallest of the five major volcanoes in Washington State, and also the youngest of these. It's last eruption was 123 years earlier. Elevation : 9,677 feet before; 8,363 feet after; 1,314 feet removed Main Eruption: May 18, 1980, 8:32 a.m. (Pacific time) Pyroclastic flow speed : at least 300 miles per hour (some material traveled much faster). Pyroclastic flow temperature : As high as 1,300 degrees F (700 degrees C) Energy released: 24 megatons thermal energy (7 by blast, rest through release of heat); 50 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic blast. Landslide note : The landslide is the World's largest recorded event EVER! Ash plume height : Reached about 80,000 feet in less than 15 minutes Ash cloud dispersal : Spread across U.S. in 3 days; circled Earth in 15 days. Deaths : At least 60-65 persons, and thousands of animals, birds, and insects.(2) On May 18, 1980, at 8:32 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time, a magnitude 5.1 earthquake shook Mount St. Helens, releasing an enormous burst of energy, instantly transforming a peaceful wilderness into a hellish landscape. As soon as the eruption was over, the process of rebirth and renewal began. The mountain is still in the spotlight after 20 years. Come and see the story of this amazing wonder of nature in this commemorative of the anniversary of the day that chaos reigned. October 1, 2004: Mount St. Helens Activity Increases. We probably will not see an event to match the 1980 eruptions of this now-famous volcano, but recent activity has intensified and researchers are watching closely. What did we learn from it? We can learn some facts from it.(1) An active volcano can be destructive at any point of time. So you have to be very careful about that. (2) You just can not predict what exactly going to happen in nature. (3) We should except one thing: what ever we have achieved in science and technology or whatever, â€Å" NATURE IS THE BOSS AND WILL ALWAYS BE† Why earth science is important to people? Earth science affects all our lives. Our landscape has been shaped by natural processes such as tectonics, weathering, and biological activity over billions of years. We use natural materials everyday, everything from building stone and oil to metals such as iron, copper and gold, and even diamonds have all been extracted from the ground. Natural hazards such as volcanoes, earthquakes, floods and droughts can dramatically affect lives. Earth science is the study of all these processes, put simply it is the study of our planet. Understanding how our planet works is essential if we are to properly manage our environment, and if we are to predict how the environment will change in the future. Earth scientists can monitor changes in our environment, model our impact on the environment and suggest solutions to our environmental problems. Environmental issues being studied by earth scientists include, the effects of water extraction from our rivers, the distribution of pollutants in the landscape and the environmental impact of industrial activity, such as mining and landfill. Natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes and floods are responsible for many deaths, and for the loss of many more homes and livelihoods. Increased knowledge of natural hazards will improve predictions of the occurrence and scale of these potentially life threatening events, giving people a chance to prepare.(4) REFERENCES: (1) The history of Mt Helen is taken from http://www.weathersage.com/storms/mthelen/ sited on May 18,2007 (2) Basic data of Mt Helen is taken from http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/asl/guides/msh.html sited on May 18,2007 (3) Why earth science is important to people? Is taken from http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/areas/earth/importance.asp sited on May 18,2007            

Let America be America again analysis

In Langston Hughes poem â€Å"Let America be America Again† he talks about how America should return to the way that it was perceived to be in the dreams before America was truly America. Throughout the poem he uses various methods to evoke the patriotic images and dreams that he feels America should and will eventually be. Hughes states that America is supposed to be a place of equality for everyone including both white and colored people. During this period in time though there was not equality for everyone.Hughes talks about an America where both whites and colored people will have equality in all aspects socially, politically, and economically. What Hughes is saying is that both whites and colored people should be treated equally when looking for job opportunities, at the voting booths, and in public society itself. Langston Hughes thoughts of what America should be during this current state are relevant in the way that they refer to all people being treated equally and ho w in Americas currents state equality is greatly needed.To continue on Langston Hughes talks about what the American Dream is and who conceived it. The American dream was the dream of a land where there would be complete peace and equality. This dream was conceived by all the people who came over to this land to build America from the ground up; these people would be known as the first Americans. The dream of building a country from the ground up that would be both peaceful and have equality for everyone was an extremely daring task for these people. This is because they had to turn on their own previous countries and declare their own independence.The first Americans saw this as a very important thing to do if they were going to build America to be the country of equality that they dreamed of. Furthermore, there were also some people who distorted the American dream by searching for their own personal success. The people that distorted the American dream would be the slave owning A mericans themselves. They did not create slavery just with the intentions of having colored people as personal helpers, it was more towards gaining success in large corporations and companies.The more slaves you could have the more products your company would be able to produce, and during Americas current growing state a variety of products were needed in high demand. Therefore the American dream was distorted by the Americans whom were slave owners. Large corporations and companies like tobacco and cotton plantations also contributed to the building of America. It’s not the companies or corporations themselves that just contributed to the building of America but the people who worked for them. This would include all white, colored, and slave workers.The ways that these companies are not free is due to the fact that some of them use slaves and discriminated against colored people during this time. If companies within America are not treating people equally, then America is n ot seen as a country of equality and freedom. Langston Hughes also shows us his mood throughout the poem while he is explaining his thoughts. Hughes mood would be one of anger and resentment because America is not turning out to be the land that it was promised to be, or the land that many people dream of for him.Hughes keeps this mood from the begging of the poem to the end of the poem in hopes that he will get his point across to the rest of America. His goal by writing this poem the way he did was mainly to express his ideas of how he feels America should be currently. Those ideas are not real for many people in America during this time due to their race, economic situation, or where they were raised. This poem is relevant to today because there is still some discrimination in our county, but the amount or intensity of this has greatly decreased over the years.It is also relevant in the way that it refers to our country being a free county. The American dream has also changed thr oughout America’s history because during different time periods our countries goals have changed. For example at the begging of America our goal was to create a land of equality and peace, but then shortly after many people were taken over by greed and changed their goals for personal success and making money. These would be the white exploiters who could also be recognized as slave owners or discriminators, and the exploited would be the minority of colored  people and slaves.What we could change to fit today’s society would be to get rid of the level of discrimination that there was during this time in history, as well as abolish slavery completely. No the dream is not still viable because Langston Hughes dreams were for equality and for the people to be protected equally under the same laws and law enforcement. In the end it’s truly up to everyones individual self to live their lives, due to the fact that America does not completely control our lives.

Global Financial Market Essay

With the market turmoil of 2008 and 2009 in fairly recent memory, investors were feared to take risk in the stock markets, as instabilities of global stock market accordingly enhanced. Stock market is a key element prior to reflect the performance of economy. It is an important part of the economy of a country. The stock market plays a pivotal role in the growth of the industry and commerce of the country that eventually affects the economy of the country to a great extent. That is reason that the government, industry nd even the central banks of the country keep a close watch on the happenings of the stock market. The stock market is important from both the industry’s point of view as well as the investor’s point of view. Through this assignment, with particularly focusing on the performance of Hong Kong stock market, I am going to discuss the roles of the stock market that affect the economy by elaborating the functions of primary market and secondary market, and anal ysis the Hong Kong stock market in relation to the economy with statistics method. Importance of Stock Market The stock market is a necessary and essential aspect of commerce world-wide. Without a stock market, companies could not easily to raise the fund and capital, and investors could not quickly and easily trade shares through the stock market system, and the global economy would not be established into a maturity stage like now a day. The stock market and thus they play the most important role of supporting the growth of the industry and commerce in the country. That is the reason that a rising stock market is the sign of a developing industrial sector and a growing economy of the country. Primary market Whenever a company wants to raise funds for further expansion or settling up a new business venture, they have to either take a loan from a financial organization or they have to issue shares through the stock market. In fact, the stock market is the primary source for any company to raise funds for business expansions. If a company wants to raise some capital for the business it can issue shares of the company that is basically part ownership of the company rather than issuing debt for enhancing the capital and liquidity because of the cost efficiency. There are three main financial systems such as resources allocation, risk management and risk pricing to simultaneously and consistently perform in an economy under the philosophy of primary market. Resources allocation in the primary market Primary market can raise the fund for the company business plan in a short period. Economy can be affected according to any new IPO issued in the stock primary market. To issue shares for the investors to invest in the stocks, through the primary market of the stock exchange they can issue the shares and get the funds for business requirements. There are certain rules and regulations for getting listed at a stock exchange and they need to fulfill some criteria to issue stocks and go public. The company has the business plan which is required to borrow fund for implementation, and the company has planned to apply their fund raised by the stock market after issuing the share through IPO. Fund should be allocated in different areas of the business plan, and it can also increase the liquidity and capital. Refer to the IPO issuance of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China(ICBC) in 2006, ICBC was one of the biggest bank in China. After the IPO. ICBC was the world’s biggest ever IPO that makes it at the same becoming the biggest bank with the most capital in the world. These can significantly increase the confidence of the investors and reallocate the resources in investing into different market against their business plan. Risk pricing in the primary market Investors always assess and calculate the interest and return to every investment which they made. In the primary market of issuing stock listed on the stock exchange, rules and regulations are formed to dominate any new issuers. International banks and Investment banks are always the underwriter of the IPO. It can also comfort the investors that the risk has been assessed by experience large institutions accurately, and then the price of the share is announced to the public objectively. Investors can have more information to compare the return and lose through the provided information in the primary market. In the view of the above, investors will be attracted to invest into the IPO against the recommended pricing. More funding invests into the market that can make a positive impact to the economy. Risk management in primary market To issue IPO in the primary market, guaranteed investors should be confirmed to every IPO announced. This can help into managing the risk, as a minimum of fund can be ensured to the company which can control the risk exposure. The company may have liquidity problem in case of failure in raising the fund of IPO, therefore, the function of guaranteed investor and IPO underwriter can mitigate suck risk, and that can be a risk management to protect the interest of the company as well as the investors. It can reduce the uncertainties and managing the risks involved in investment market of economy. Secondary Market The secondary function of the stock market is that the market plays the role of a common platform for the buyers and sellers of these stocks that are listed at the stock market. It is the secondary market of the stock exchange where retail investors and institutional investors buy and sell the stocks. In fact it is these stock market traders who raise the fund for the businesses by investing in the stocks. So the stock market is not only providing the much required funds for boosting the business, but also providing a common place for stock trading. It is the stock market that makes it possible to sell the stocks at any point of time and get back the investment along with the profit. This makes the stocks much more liquid in nature and thereby attracting  investors  to invest in the stock market. Mobilize Savings in the secondary market When businesses or even individuals hold their money in form of shares, they can easily mobilize funds for investments. Securities traded in the secondary markets are not as liquid as cash therefore this limits the ease of accessing cash. Accumulation of funds for long-term capital projects is therefore easy and possible. The secondary market provides a convenient platform for the trade of securities hence shares can be easily converted to cash for investment. Investment Opportunities in the secondary market As opposed to holding money in savings accounts, the secondary market provides investors with an opportunity to save and at the same time invest. Shareholders can earn and make profit in investing in the secondary market, as the share price always rises and falls subject to the news in public and the environment of economy. In the secondary market, investment in shares does not require a large of fund, therefore, it provides a chance to invest and expand their portfolios. Stock market and economy (Statistical analysis) To support the analysis of stock market in related to the economy, I have done a t-test showing as below. Basically, as the stock market should reflect the economy in advance. I do the statistic in one year difference. Refer to the result, the difference is considered to not statistically significant. The stock market seem influencing the economy significantly. We can see the stock market dropped in 2008 that make the decrease of GDP in 2009. Due to the financial crisis in 2008, the stock market was in panic. This is one of the factors to decrease the GDP. In Hong Kong economy, as there was a great support due to the significant growth of China’s economy. In relation to the increase of HKEx index since 2009, the stock market was in recovery that bloom the economy and the Hong Kong property market has accordingly benefited to grow in these years. GDP was also reflected slightly growth. It can strongly evidence and prove that the performance of stock market obtains a strong relationship with the economy. Conclusions With the reference of the above, stock market is essential to the impact of economy. Companies could easily raise the fund thru the stock market by IPO in the primary market, in order to apply the fund in implementing the expansion business plan, and the investors could gain interest and profit in the secondary market in stock exchange that the capital fund of investors could be increased, in which both factors could have positive effect to the economy. In my recommendation, Hong Kong Exchange and Clearing Limited (HKEX) could consider to extend the trading hours. It could stay closer to other stock markets like USNY, London and etc. This implementation could attract more investors and equity fund to invest into Hong Kong stock market, as the time difference to other stock markets is shorten. It could increase the trading volume in the stock market. If the stock market becomes prosperous that makes the Hang Seng index increase, as more funds invest into Hong Kong, the economy in Hong Kong can accordingly rise in an absolute way.

The Essence of Writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Essence of Writing - Assignment Example 1. The first tip of Roberts is that the writer should discard all the obvious ideas and content that comes to his mind in the initial stages of brainstorming. The obvious ideas are common to everyone and will not make any unique statement. Hence, to get fresh and revolutionary ideas that are different from others, the writer should build the paper based on those ideas that are hidden under the obvious ideas. 2. The second way to impress the reader is by taking the unusual side in the argument. By taking the side which will be avoided by most people, the content will have the touch of ‘unexpected’ element. The uniqueness will grab the attention of the reader and will keep him hooked. 3. The third tip pieces of advice to make the writing clear, illustrative and concrete, in order to make the reader actually feel the scenario which is being discussed in the paper. The abstraction does not create the magic and impact which the concrete and descriptive writing create. Hence, giving examples, real or imaginary, while making your point, gives a life to the argument and makes it convincing. 4. The author says that even if the writer has only a few points to discuss, he should not fill the paper with useless words. Instead, he should get into the details of those few points and fill the required word limit with the help of illustration and details of the points. This might make the content short, but it will have power. 5. The fifth tip is to be courageous and bold enough to express whatever one wants to express without wasting the words in beating around the bush. The writer should avoid using unnecessary words to hide his critical language or bluntness. 7. To make the content interesting, gripping and lively, the writer should use the words which makes the reader to ‘feel’ the content.However, these words, known as ‘colorful words,’ should be used according to the trend of the time 8.  The writer should be prudent while using the words which have mental associations. These words, known as coloured words, have great power to recreate the feelings that are associated with these words.

History - Globalization in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

History - Globalization in China - Essay Example This perception has been disregarded by most Chinese who argue that they have learnt from their country’s long history that isolation often results to backwardness especially considering its vast population (Gerschenkron 842). Among the Chinese, globalization is often viewed as a double- edged sword which brings both challenges and opportunities, as well as advantages and disadvantages. Opportunities and advantages can be achieved in China in the wave of globalization through correct strategies and policies. As a matter of fact, China needs globalization more than any other country of the world considering its vast economic and population size (Huang 65). Since its contribution to the world is immense, its participation in globalization is not a one- way street. The country not only serves as one of the biggest markets for world’s products and services but also as one of the world’s greatest producers of goods and services. It should be noted that even though Chi nese economy integration into the world’s economy has deepened over the years, the issue of globalization in China is considerably controversial (Walter and Howie 107). The transitions and growth of the Chinese economy have been critical in integrating it into the world economy in the wave of globalization. ... Growth in the China context is the realization by the leaders of China after the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 that their country was developing and poor and therefore it was important to deliver sustained jobs and incomes in order to propel their country to success and to grip of world power (Naughton 103-4). Just like other countries that are experiencing globalization, China’s economy and the globalization process is linked to the political issues in the country. The rapid growth of the Chinese economy in the face of globalization and its deepening integration into the global economy can be greatly attributed to the policies that have been implemented by the Chinese government. The government has in the recent past have been setting incentives so as to enable the state firms to profit from the income that they earn on sales from transactions with other â€Å"clients† across the world, as well as their transactions with the state. It is worth noting that, in response to the globalization of the world’s financial system, the government of China has in recent times restructured the country’s banking system among other restructuring that aim at aligning the country’s financial system with the world’s, so as to benefit from globalization processes (Huang 178-9). More importantly, it should be noted that even though China has recorded a remarkable success in the globalization process, there is no general understanding of globalization among the Chinese. Majorly, the understanding of globalization among the Chinese revolves around the following three aspects. One, many of the Chinese elite tends to believe that the globalization trends are inevitable. To them, there is no alternative to globalization and all